Kitobi khotira yo khudro inchunin «Daftari khotira» menomand – in mavodest, ki dar on odamon dar borai sarnavishti khud va digar shakhsone, ki ba onho maqul shudaast va yo ba onho aloqamand hastand, menavisand. Daftari khotira dar zamonhoi qadim niz vujud dosht vale on zamonho tanho shakhsoni boy metavonistand ki …
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ZARBI ELEKTR, sadamai elektr, zarar didani organizm az jarayoni elektr. Z. e. dar sanoat, kishovarzi, naqliyot va ruzgor duchor meoyad. Ba on hodisahoi tabiat, mas., barq niz metavonad musoidat kunad. Darajai zarar az Z. e. ba quvva, muqovamat, davomoti tasiri jarayoni barq va khosiyathoi fizikii on (jarayoni doimi, tagyiryobanda) vobasta …
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ZARBEH (Rhodiola gelida), zarchub, zarchoy, giyohest bisyorsola. Az 3 to 10 sm qad mekashad. Reshai gafs, poyai borik, bargi darozruya, guli zard (iyun – iyul meshukufad), tukhmi neshtarshakl (avg. – sent. pukhta merasad) dorad. Dar joyhoi sernam, tarqishi shakhho, nazdikii piryakhho meruyad. Dar kuhhoi Zarafshon, Hisoru Darvoz, Pomiri Garbiyu SHarqi …
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ZANJABIL (Zingiber offisinale), garmdoru, rastaniest bisyorsola. Balandiash to 1 m; reshapoyai sergusht, bargi neshtarshakl, guli bunafshtobi zard, khushaguli sarakmonand dorad. Bekhi Z. khushbuy va tund buda, az ravgani efir va payvasti fenolii gingerol iborat ast. Bekhi khushki Z.-ro dar sanoati khurokvori istifoda mebarand. On vobasta ba tarzi istehsol safed (az …
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ZANGILA (Scorbutus), singa, skorbut, yak nav bemori; avitaminoz yo gipovitaminozi S dar davrai vozeh ba mushohida rasidani padidahoi bolini (kliniki)-i onho. Binobar dar organizm kam budan yo narasidani kislotai askorbinat tashakkuli unsurhoi gunoguni boftahoi payvandi, az jumla kollagen, khalal yofta, boisi sust shudani ustuvori va afzudani nufuzpazirii devorai ragho, khunshori, …
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ZANBuRUGCHOY, nave az nushokihoi halovatbakhsh. Onro bo rohi dar choy parvarish kardani zanburughoi khamirturush tahiya mesozand. Bo nomhoi zanburugi lioni, hindi va yaponi niz mamul ast. Hamchunin onro chun zanburugi bahri va manjuri nom mebarand. Z. zohiran ba meduzai rui ob monand ast. Bo maqsadi tayyor namudani Z. banka (odatan …
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ZANBuRUGHOI MIKROSKOPi, yak guruhi kaloni rastanihoi darajai past. Aksariyati muhaqqiqon bar in aqidaand, ki Z. m. az obsabzho ba vujud omadaand, zero ba onho bagoyat monand meboshand. Z. m. olidaraja (askomitsetho) va pastdaraja (magorhoi mukori) meshavand. Aksariyati Z. m. az moddahoi organikii fosidshudai naboti yo hayvoni gizo megirand, yane onho …
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ZANBuRUG qorch, samorug, rastanihoi darajai past, ki khlorofill nadorand. Dar qatori olami nabotot va hayvonot Z.-ho niz yak olami mustaqili tabiati zinda ba shumor meravand. To ba qaribi Z.-ro ba olami nabotot nisbat medodand, ammo badi muayyan kardani tafovuti bayni gizoi rastaniho va Z. onro hamchun olami mustaqili tabiat judo …
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ZANBuRI ASAL (Apis mellifera), hasharotest pardabol. Dar bisyor kishvarhoi jahon mamul ast. Oilai Z. a., odatan, az modarzanbur (shohzanbur), dahho haz. zanburhoi kori va chand haz. narzanburho iborat meboshad. Badani Z. a. az sarsina va shikam, ki bayni ham mutaharrik payvast shudaand, tarkib yoftaast. Dar hardu tarafi sar 2 chashmi …
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ZAMCH, zok, kristallogidrati namakhoi duchandi sulfat, formulai umumiashon Me2ISO4 • Me2III(SO4)3 • 24H2O yo MeINeIII(SO4)2 • 12H2O, dar injo MeI, MeIII – kationi metallhoi yak va sevalenta (mas., Z.-i alyuminiyu kaliydor K2SO4 • Al2(SO4)3 • 24H2O. Elementhoi nodirzamini sevalenta Z. hosil namekunand. Z. dar sharoiti muqarrari sobit boshad ham, hangomi …
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