GIZO, majmui moddahoi gayriorganiki va organikie, ki organizm az khorij qabul mekunad. Huroki odam boyad miqdori zaruri va tanosubi durusti ba organizmi inson darkorii moddahoro doshta, khushtam va khushnamud boshad. Baroi in mahorati balandi pazandagi lozim ast. Tabbokh boyad usulhoi tekhniki va tarzi tayyor namudani G., khosiyat va kambudii mahsuloti …

GUNDA (Lathrodectes tredecimguttatus), yak nav tortanaki zahrnok. Rangash siyoh buda, shikamash kholhoi surkhi girdashon safed dorad. Daroziash to 2 sm; narinaash khurdtar (4 – 7 mm) ast. G. dar Afrikai SHimoli, Osiyo Garbi, Evropai Janubi dida meshavad; dar Osiyoi Markazi, az jumla Tojikiston niz maskun ast. G. beshtar dar zaminhoi …