GURDA (Ren, nephros), uzvi juft, ki dar qismi miyon dar nazdi devorai aqibi shikam az du tarafi sutunmuhra joygir shudaast. G. dar tanzimi muvozanati obu elektrolitho, kislotayu ishqorho va fishori osmosi, hamchunin az organizm khorij namudani mahsuli mubodilai nitrogen ishtirok mekunad. G. shakli lubiyoro doshta, bo nasji ravgani faro girifta …

GUNDISHOPUR (muarrabash Jundishobur; manoi lafziyash «shahri SHopur behtar az Antokiya»), shahrest, ki SHopuri avval (241 – 271) ba dasti asironi rumi dar mintaqai Huziston dar shim. garbi SHushtari hozira bino karda bud. G. markazi ilmu donish va donishmandonu tabibon mahsub meshud. Dar on jo kitobhoi yunoniro ba zaboni pahlavi tarjima …

GUNGi, alaliya (az a va lalia – nutq), vujud nadoshtan yo sust inkishof yoftani nutq dar kudakon, ki zimni on qobiliyati shunavoi mahfuz memonad. Sababi G. oseb yoftan yo ikhtiloli markazhoi nutqi mayna binobar zarb khurdan va bemorihoi dokhilibatni meboshad. G. hamchunin dar natijai bemorihoe, ki tifl dar davrai to …

GuSHT, az jumlai khurokvorihoi purqimat va mamuli mardum meboshad. Qimati gizoi va biologii G. ba gunogunii tarkibi khimiyavi, khususan ba safedahoi on vobasta ast. G. ozuqai baso guvoroyu khushhazm va sergizo buda, az on taomhoi bisyor pukhtan mumkin ast. Dar khurok G.-i hayvonoti kalonu khurd va dar baze kishvarho gushti …

GuSH (Auris), uzvi someai hayvonoti muhrador va odam. G.-i odam az se qism iborat ast: beruni, miyona va daruni. G.-i beruni az sufrai gush iborat buda, rohi berunii somea az on ibtido megirad. Sufrai gush lavhachai tagoyakiest, ki bo pust pushida shudaast. Tanho yak qismi khurdi sufra – narmii gush …

GUTOROVA Larisa Denisovna (29. 10. 1932, Vitebsk – 03. 04. 1991, Dushanbe), mikrobiolog, doktori ilmi tib (1974), prof. (1975). Bad az khatmi In-ti tibbii sanitariyu behdoshti Leningrad (holo Sankt-Peterburg; 1956) dar aspiranturai on tahsil kardaast. S-hoi 1959 – 62 assistenti kafedrai mikrobiologiyai DDTT bud. Hodimi kaloni ilmi (1962 – 77) …

GURuHHOI HUN [Typi (gruppae) sanguinis], alomathoi irsii khun, ki bo majmui moddahoi makhsusi fardi muayyan gardida, antigen yo izoantigen nom giriftaand. Dar asosi in alomatho khuni tamomi odamon, sarfi nazar az najod, sinnu sol va jins ba guruhho judo karda meshavad. Mansubiyati odam ba in yo on G. kh. khususiyati …

GURUSNAGi chun hodisai ijtimoi az sababi muddati duru daroz narasidani gizo ba miyon meoyad. G. oshkoro va nihoni (nimgurusnagi yo narasidani moddahoi hayotan zarur dar tarkibi khurok) meshavad. G.-i oshkoro hamqadami sadamahoi tabii va ijtimoist (khushksoli, jang, zaminjunbi, obkhezi va g.), ki boisi yakbora kam shudani miqdori khurokvori (asosan galla), …

GURUSNA MONDAN, holatest, ki binobar vujud nadoshtan yo ba organizm dokhil nashudani moddahoi gizoi ba amal meoyad. On hamchunin dar surati pastsifat budani gizo yo khurokro hazm karda natavonistani organizm niz paydo meshavad. Gurusnagi chun holati fiziologi dar tabiat ayyomi khobi zimistonai hayvonot (khirs, yurmon, khorpusht va g.), az khunuki …

GURZA (Vipera lebetina), yak nav mori zahrnok. Daroziash to 1,7 m, gafsu kutohdum. Hokistarrang yo qahvarangi surkhtob; dar du pahlui takhtapushtash kholhoi siyoh mavjudand. Sarash kaloni sekunja. Jogi boloyash dandonhoi kalon dorad. Dar Afrikai SHimoli, Osiyoi Janubu Garbi, Zakavkaziya (gayr az Abkhoziston) va janubi jumhurihoi Osiyoi Markazi pahn shudaast. Dar …