GUNDISHOPUR

GUNDISHOPUR (muarrabash Jundishobur; manoi lafziyash «shahri SHopur behtar az Antokiya»), shahrest, ki SHopuri avval (241 – 271) ba dasti asironi rumi dar mintaqai Huziston dar shim. garbi SHushtari hozira bino karda bud. G. markazi ilmu donish va donishmandonu tabibon mahsub meshud. Dar on jo kitobhoi yunoniro ba zaboni pahlavi tarjima va nigohdori mekardand. Dar shahr bemoriston va donishgohe niz sokhta shud, ki to a. 3 hijri faoliyat dosht (nig. Akademiyai Gundishopur). G. makhsusan dar zamoni Anushervon (531 – 579) ravnaqi beshtar yofta, ba mahalli talimi tibbi yunoni va omezishi on bo tibbi eroniyu hindi tabdil yoft. Dar on jo donishmandoni suryonizaboni eroni va ulamoi hindivu zardushti mashguli kor budand. Onho asosan ba tib tavajjuh zohir karda, bemoristoni G.-ro dar okhirhoi ahdi sosoni ba balandtarin marhilai peshraftu shuhrati khud rasondand. Dar in madrasa az tajribahoi qavmhoi mukhtalif – tibbi eroniyon, hinduvon, yunoniyon, iskandaroniyon, ulamoi suryonizabon istifoda meshud. Dar bemoristoni G. iddae az tabiboni hindi mezistand, ki ba omukhtani tibbi hindi mashgul budand. Onho chand kitob az osori tibbi hindiro ba zaboni pahlavi tarjima kardand, ki minbad ba zaboni arabi bargardonda shud va mavridi istifodai tabibon va donishmandoni islomi qaror girift. Madrasa va bemoristoni G. dar ahdi khulafoi abbosi niz chand muddat faoliyat dosht, vale dar a. 3 hijri maqomi sobiqi khudro tadrijan az dast dod.
Ad.: Zabehulloh Safo, «Tarikhi ulumi aqli dar tamadduni islomi», j. 1, Tehron, 1331 h. sh.
S. SHahobuddinov.