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SIYOSATI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO (Nizomnoma – Dasturamal)

SIYOSATI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO

DAR JSP  «BONKI TOJIKISTON»

Mundarija

BOBI 1. MUQARRAROTI UMUMI.. 4

BOBI 2. MAQSAD VA VAZIFAHOI SIYOSATI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO.. 5

2.1. Maqsadhoi idorakunii khavfho. 5

2.2. Vazifahoi siyosati idorakunii khavfho. 5

BOBI 3. PRINSIP VA MAQOMI SIYOSAT DAR NIZOMI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO.. 5

3.1. Prinsiphoi siyosat. 5

3.2. Maqomi siyosat dar nizomi idorakunii khavfho. 6

BOBI 4. MEHANIZMI AMALI NAMUDANI SIYOSAT. 7

4.1. Usulhoi asosii idorakunii khavfho. 7

4.2. Nizomi hududho. 8

4.3.Nizomi salohiyatho va qabuli qarorho. 9

4.4. Durnamoi robitavi. 9

4.4.1. Nizomi akhboroti.. 10

4.4.2. Nizomi robitavi. 10

4.5. Nizomi nazorati. 11

BOBI 5. HAVFHOI ASOSI: USULHOI BAHODIHI VA MEHANIZMHOI IDORAKUNI.. 15

5.1. Havfi qarzi. 15

5.1.1 Mafhum va bahodihii khavfi qarzi. 15

5.1.2. Hududhoi muqarrarshuda baroi khavfhoi qarzi.. 23

5.1.3. Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfi qarzi va taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho. 25

5.2. Havfi asori. 30

5.2.1. Mafhum va bahodihii khavfi asori. 30

5.2.2. Hududhoi muqarrarshuda baroi khavfhoi asori. 32

5.2.3. Mekhanizmi idorakunii khavfhoi asori va taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho. 36

5.3.Havfi pardokhtpaziri.. 39

5.3.1. Mafhumho va usulhoi bahodihii khavfi pardokhtpaziri; 39

5.3.2. Hududhoi muqarrargardida baroi khavfhoi pardokhtpaziri; 46

5.3.3. Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfi pardokhtpaziri va taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho. 47

5.4. Havfhoi foizi, amaliyoti, etibori kori va komplaens. 58

5.4.1.      Mafhumho. 58

5.4.1.      Mekhnizmi idorakuni va taqsimoti salohiyatu uhdadoriho. 58

BOBI 6. MAJMUI CHORABINIHO BAROI  HOLATHOI BUHRONI – STRESS – SANJISH… 64

6.1. Maqsad, vazifaho va prinsiphoi asosi. 64

6.2. Istifodabarii stress-sanjish. 66  

BOBI 1. MUQARRAROTI UMUMI 

«Siyosati idorakunii khavfho» dar JSP  «Bonki Tojikiston»(minbad – Bonk) maqsadho, vazifaho, prinsiphoi tatbiqi siyosati idorakunii khavfhoro dar Bonk, inchunin vositahoi (olothoi) tatbiqi  onro muayyan menamoyad.

riskHujjati mazkur ravandi korkardabaroi va qabuli siyosati idorakunii khavfhoro tasdiq menamoyad, prinsiphoi umumii tashkil va faoliyati nizomi idorakunii khavfhoro sharh medihad. Prinsiphoi siyosati idorakunii khavfho dar Bonk ba Dasturamali Bonki millii Tojikiston tahti № 181 «Dar borai talabot ba nizomi idorakunii khavfho va nazorati dokhili dar tashkiloti qarzi» va  standarthoi umumiqabulshudai idorakunii khavfho takya mekunad (Risk Management Standards). Inchunin, dar hujjati mazkur talaboti meyorhoi maqbuli BMT, ki az dasturamali BMT №176 bar meoyand, darj gardidaand.

 Amali hujjati mazkur ba hamai amaliyothoi Bonk dakhl dorad. Hujjati mazkur baroi tatbiq az jonibi hamai vohidhoi sokhtori, rohbaroni onho va kormandoni Bonk, ki faoliyatashon bo ehtimoliyati sar zadani holati khavfi hamqadam ast, hatmi meboshad.

Hujjati mazkur va hamai tagiyrothoyu ilovaho ba on bo Qarori Rayosati Bonk muvofiqa shuda, az jonibi SHuroi Nozironi Bonk tasdiq karda meshavad.

Baamalbarorii talaboti hujjati mazkur bar dushi Raisi Rayosat, Kumitai qarzii Saridora, Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho, Hadamoti auditi dokhili, rohbaroni sokhtorhoi amaliyotii Bonk – SHubahoi khazinadori va hisobbarobarkuni, rushdi korporativi, qarzdihi, tekhnalogiyahoi ittilooti, muhosibot va omor, Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho, vohidhoi amaliyoti va sokhtorhoi tarkibie, ki ba samthoi dakhldori faoliyati Bonk masuland voguzor karda shudaast.

Tasviri ravandhoi tekhnologi, tartibi hamkorii zersokhtorhoi Bonk va digar tartibothoi tekhnologie, ki nizomi faoliyati idorakunii khavfhoro ba tanzim medarorand, dar hujjathoi meyori-tashkili, suporishi-tashkili va vazifavi-tekhnologi ovarda meshavand. 

 

BOBI 2. MAQSAD VA VAZIFAHOI SIYOSATI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO

2.1. Maqsadhoi idorakunii khavfho.

  • Ijroi bechunucharoi uhdadorihoi az jonibi Bonk ba khud girifta.
  • Tamini qabuli khavfhoi maqbul az jonibi Bonk, ki ba andozai faoliyati on mutobiq boshand.
  • Barpo namudani sanduqi muvofiqi doroiho va uhdadoriho dar Bonk.
  • Tashkil namudani fazoi musoidi mablagguzori dar Bonk, az jumla mablagguzorii khoriji. 

2.2. Vazifahoi siyosati idorakunii khavfho

  • Tamin namudani amaligardonii durnamoi taraqqiyoti Bonk.
  • Tamini faoliyati mutadili Bonk dar sharoithoi buhroni.
  • Tamini faoliyati samaranoki nizomi idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho.
  • Tamini himoyai manfiathoi amonatguzoron va sahhomon.
  • Peshgiri namudani holati dar muddati tuloni qaror doshtani Bonk zeri tasiri khavfhoi kalon.
  • Tashakkuli sanduqi doroiho va uhdadoriho az hisobi mahsulothoi standartii Bonk va/yo in, ki fishanghoi moliyavi.
  • Komyob shudan ba bunyodi durusti nizomi idorakunii khavfho dar sokhtori umumii idorakunii doroiho va uhdadorihoi Bonk.
  • Nigoh doshtani tavozuni munosib bayni mablaghoi jalbshuda va joygirkardashuda.

BOBI 3. PRINSIP VA MAQOMI SIYOSAT DAR NIZOMI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO

3.1. Prinsiphoi siyosat

  • Mustahkam namudani hamai tartibothoi peshnihodi khizmatrasonii Bonk (mahsulotho), tartibi guzaronidani amaliyotho dar hamai hujjathoi dokhilii Bonk, meyori-tashkili, suporishi-tashkili va vazifavi-tekhnologi.
  • Istifodabarii tartibothoi gayristandartii idorakunii khavfho dar vaziyathoi buhroni.
  • Roh nadodan ba guzaronidani amaliyothoi Bonk va digar amalhoe, ki ba tagiyryobii nazarrasi sathi khavfhoi az jonibi Bonk qabul namuda va/yo in, ki bavuqu payvastshavii khavfhoi navi qablan tadqiqu tasnifot nagardida;
  • Roh nadodan ba istifodabarii khizmatrasonii Bonk (mahsulotho) va amaliyotho hamchun fishangi vositai qonunigardonii mablaghoe, ki bo rohhoi gayriqonuni ba dast omadaand va mablagguzorii terrorizm.
  • Holat va andozai khavf az rui namudi amaliyotho na boyad dar fosilai vaqt jiddan tagiyr yobad.
  • Baroi shaklhoi gunoguni amaliyothoi moliyavi meboyad sathi khavfhoero istifoda burd, ki onho ba khavfhoi Bonkii mamul hamandoza boshand.
  • Muntazam bo davroniyati lozima guzaronidani monitoringi holati khavfhoe, ki az jonibi Bonk qabul gardidaand.
  • Paydarpay istifoda burdani tartibot va mekhanizmi idorakunii khavfho, muntazam bo kor tamin namudani idorakunandagoni khavfho.
  • Oshkor budan va vozehiyati asoshoi umumii idorakunii khavfho baroi jamiyat.
  • Muntazam istifodabarii tartibu mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfho dar davomi muhlati muqarrargardida.
  • Hududmuayyankunii guzaronidani amaliyotho (qarordodho) va muqarrar namudani salohiyatho baroi qarorhoi muqarrarshuda.
  • Muttamarkazkunonii idorakunii khavfhoi muqarrargardidai Bonk.
  • Takmildihii tartibot va mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfho.
  • Holat va andozai khavfhoi muayyani amaliyotho na boyad az holat va andozai khavfi amaliyotho dar majmu dar Bonk farqi kalon namoyad.
  • Betakhir peshnihod namudani akhborot oidi tagiyryobii doroiho va uhdadoriho, holat va andozai khavfhoi dakhldor, oidi hamai amaliyot va vaziyathoi gayrimuqarrari.
  • Vujud nadoshtani nofahmihoi muqovimatnopazir miyoni holat va andozai khavfi muayyan va daromadnokii amaliyoti dakhldor.
  • Rioyai bechunucharoi qonunguzorii amalkunandai Jumhurii Tojikiston va talabothoi hujjathoi meyorii Bonki millii Tojikiston.

Rioyai bechunu charoi Prinsiphoi Siyosat baroi vohidhoi sokhtorii Bonk, hamai shakhsoni masuli Bonk va har yak kormandi Bonk hatmi meboshad. Guzaronidani amaliyothoe (har guna harakatho), ki sokht va mazmuni on ba prinsiphoi dar bolo zikr gardida mukholif meboshand, nomumkin ast.

3.2. Maqomi siyosat dar nizomi idorakunii khavfho

          Siyosati idorakunii khavfho dar barobari digar hujjathoi dokhilie, ki siyosati Bonkro dar bozori amaliyotho va khizmatrasoni muayyan mesozad, yake az fishanghoi asosii amaligardonii durnamoi taraqqiyoti Bonk ba shumor meravad.

            Siyosati idorakunii khavfho hujjati asosii dokhili ba shumor rafta,  nizomi idorakunii khavfhoro dar Bonk muayyan mesozad. Juzhoi asosii in nizom dar hujjathoi dokhilii Bonk darj gardidaand, ki dar onho usulho va tarzhoi aniqi amaligardonii on tasvir shudaast.

Hujjati mazkur juzi markazii nizom ba shumor rafta, goya va tartiboti idorakunii khavfhoro muayyan mesozad

BOBI 4. MEHANIZMI AMALI NAMUDANI SIYOSAT 

4.1. Usulhoi asosii idorakunii khavfho

Idorakunii khavfho hamchun nizomi yagonai tanzimi khavfho boyad dar khud barnomai nazorat az rui ijroi vazifahoi dar pesh guzoshtashuda, bahodihii samaranokii chorabinihoi guzaronidashavanda va oqibathoi onhoro doro boshad;

  • Qabul namudan va bahisobgirii khavf;
  • Taqsim namudani khavfho bo digar tarafho;
  • Bartaraf kardani khavf (baromadan az loiha);
  • Mablagguzorii khavf (sugurtanamoi, ravona namudani zakhirahoi ilovagi ba loiha, past namudani khavf to sathi qabulshavanda);
  • Diversifikatsiyai khavfho.

Vazifai asosii takhirnopaziri idorakunii khavfho – in muayyansozi, bahodihi, tahlil va idorakunii on ba shumor meravand;

Muayyansozii khavf.

Qadami avvalindarajai idorakunii khavfhoi Bonk in muayyankunii on ba shumor meravad.

Maqsadi asosii muayyankunii khavf – kam namudani khavfi qabuli qarorhoi nodurust dar lahzai qabuli on va kohish dodani (kam namudani) oqibathoi imkonpaziri nomunosibi in qarorho ba marhalai digari faoliyati Bonk ba shumor meravad. 

Bahodihii khavf

Bahodihii khavf metavonad: miqdori, sifati va omekhta shavad.

Usul va tekhnologiyahoi asosii bahodihii khavfho dar digar hujjathoi meyori-tashkilii Bonk inikos yoftaand. 

 

Tahlili khavfho

Dar nizomi tahlilii khavfho usul va tekhnologiyahoi zerini hozirazamon va samaranok istifoda meshavand.

  • tadqiqi bozor;
  • sanjishguzaroni;
  • tahlili ravandi amaliyotho;
  • tahlili SWOT (tarafhoi purzur, tarafhoi zaif, imkoniyatho, tahdidho);
  • tahlili omori;
  • sanjishi tamoyuli asosi.

Dar oyanda hangomi vusat bakhshidani idorakunii khavfho dar Bonk tekhnologiya va usulhoi tahlil va korkardi khavfho bo vorid namudani nizomi avtomatikunonii (Monitoringi khavfho) peshqadam istifoda khohand shud.

Idorakunii khavfho

Zeri mafhumi idorakunii khavfho meboyad amaligardonii yak zumra chorabinihoro, ki baroi ravandi intikhobi usulhoi tagiyrdihii sathi khavfho ravona karda shudaand, dark namud.

Har yak nizomi chorabiniho boyad baroi tamini kamtarini zerin ravona karda shavad:

  • etimodiyat va samaranokii kori Bonk;
  • samaranokii nazorati dokhili;
  • mutobiqati ba qonunu qoida va meyorho.

Maqsad va vazifahoi siyosati idorakunii khavfho dar surati rioyai sharthoi muayyan bo fishanghoi zerin ba hadaf merasand:

  • nizomi hududho;
  • nizomi salohiyat va qabuli qarorho;
  • durnamoii robitavi;
  • siyosati ittilooti (az jumla nizomi akhboroti);
  • majmui chorabiniho dar holathoi buhroni;
  • nizomi nazorati.

4.2. Nizomi hududho.

YAke az fishanghoi Siyosati idorakunii khavfho in faoliyati samaranoki nizomi hududho ba shumor meravad.

Maqsadi nizomi hududho mahdudiyati «farii» (jismii) az jonibi Bonk qabul namudani khavfhoi kalon va roh nadodan ba «jorishavii» muammohoi nomatlubi yak namudi amaliyot (samti faoliyat) ba hamai Bonk ba shumor meravad.

Vazifahoi nizomi hududho tamini tashakkuli sokhtori doroiho va uhdadorihoi Bonk, mutobiqatii onho ba khususiyat va andozai amaliyothoi Bonk mahsub meyobad.

Nizomi hududho ba se zinahoi yakdigarro ilovakunanda judo meshavand:

  • hudud ba amaliyot;
  • hudud az rui muhlat;
  • hududi khavf.

Nizomi hududho az jonibi Raisi Rayosati va muovinoni Bonk az rui zaruriyat az jumla dar qismati juziyothoi tashkilkunanda, dida baromada meshavand.

Tashabuskori vorid namudani tagiyrotho ba hududhoi aniq (az nombarshudagon) rohbaroni sokhtorhoi dakhldori amaliyotii (samthoi faoliyat) Bonk va/yo in, ki Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho baromad menamoyand. Peshnihodot oidi tagiyrdihii hududi muayyan metavonad bo tashabusi rohbari Hadamoti auditi dokhili va/yo in, ki Raisi Rayosat va Muovini u peshkash gardad.

4.3.Nizomi salohiyatho va qabuli qarorho

Nizomi salohiyatho va qabuli qarorho dar qismati muayyansozii siyosati idorakunii khavfho baroi tamini faoliyati munosibi nizomi idorakunii on khizmat menamoyad.

4.4. Durnamoi robitavi

Maqsadi asosii durnamoi robitavi az juzhoi zerin iborat ast:

  • tashakkuli malumoti saheh dar borai Bonk;
  • tashakkuli simoi musbii Bonk, ki ba vayronkunii qonunguzorii jorii jumhuri, meyorho va standarthoi faoliyati kasbi, qabuli khavfhoi kalon roh namedihad;
  • tashakkuli malumoti muvofiq – malumothoe, ki baroi qabuli qarorhoi lozimai idorakuni basanda meboshand.

Durnamoi robitavi az du nizomi yakdigarro pur kunanda iborat ast:

A. Nizomi akhboroti.

V. Nizomi robitavi

4.4.1. Nizomi akhboroti

 Vazifai asosii nizomi akhboroti in az tamin namudani maqomothoi idorakunii Bonk, Kumitaho, hayati idorakunandagoni khavfho va rohbaroni sokhtorhoi amaliyoti bo hajmi lozimai akhborotho iborat meboshad, ki on baroi qabuli qarorhoi dakhldori idorakuni, tartib dodani hisobothoi muvofiqu saheh basanda boshand.

Ba prinsiphoi asosii nizomi akhboroti dokhil meshavand:

  • roh nadodan ba takrorshavii akhborot oidi ijroi qarordodho (amaliyotho) yo in, ki digar amalho, ki ba holat va andozai khavfho tasir merasonad, judo kardan ba qismi mustaqili nizomi akhboroti jarayoni akhborothoro az rui khavfhoe, ki tabiati gayrimoliyaviro doro meboshand;
  • mavjudiyati javobgarii zersokhtorhoe, ki samti alohidai faoliyati Bonkro parastori menamoyand va nazorati jamovari, tahlil va guruhbandii akhborothoro oidi amaliyothoi dakhldor (samti faoliyati Bonk), dakholat nanamudani yak sathi nizom ba sathi javobgarii nizomi digar amali menamoyand, inchunin baroi sifati akhboroti peshnihodgardida masuliyat doshtanro taqozo mesozad;
  • sahehii malumothoi peshnihodgardida;
  • befosilagii intiqoli akhborotho, muntazamii amalkunii nizomi akhboroti;
  • betakhirii intiqoli malumotho oidi amalikunonii qarordodho (amaliyotho), digar amalhoe, ki ba holat va andozai khavfho tasir merasonand.

4.4.2. Nizomi robitavi

Vazifai asosii nizomi robitavi az tashakkuli bovarii jamiyat ba Bonk va muarrifii samaranokii faoliyati nizomi idorakuni az rui hamai khavfho va voqeiyati idorakunii in khavfho, inchunin ba khud qabul nanamudani khavfhoi ziyod az jonibi Bonk dar jamiyat ba shumor meravad.

Prinsiphoi asosii nizomi robitavi inhoyand:

  • murattabii nihoi va oshkoroii Bonk dar inikosi holat va andozai khavfho, inchunin nizomi idorakuni az rui in khavfho;
  • muntazami va paydarpaii korkard va amaligardonii chorabinihoi robitavi;
  • Bahisobgirii khususiyathoi khosi har yak namudi amaliyoti (samti faoliyat) Bonk.

Vositahoi asosii rasidan ba hadafhoi nizomi robitavi iborat ast az:

  • ba ittiloi mizojon rasonidani malumotho oidi sathi khavfhoi moliyavi va gayrimoliyavii az jonibi Bonk ba khud qabul namuda ba vositai joygir namudani hisoboti majmui az rui har yak namudi khavfho dar sayti Bonk yo in, ki dar nashriyahoi matbuotii davri.
  • tashakkuli reytingi mizojon (ba yak qator darovardan) va reytingi amaliyotho (qarordodho), bo nishondihanda va mahdudiyathoi sababnok va vozeh;
  • mavjudiyati imkonoti sarivaqt ba ittiloi ahli jomea rasonidani malumotho oidi qarorhoi az jonibi Bonk dar qismati idorakunii khavfho, holat va andozai khavfho qabul gardida;
  • aloqai muntazam bo sharikon va mizojone, ki qismi ziyodi amaliyothoi (qarordodho) Bonkro tashkil menamoyand.

4.5. Nizomi nazorati.

Vujud doshtan va samaranok amal namudani nizomi nazorati hamchun fishangi idorakunii khavfho, dar zaminai sharthoi zerin, az jumlai sharthoi tashkili nazorati dokhila qaror dorad: hamajabhagii nazorati dokhila, farogirii hamai sokhtor va vohidhoi tashkilii Bonk bo tartiboti nazorati, khususiyati bisyorzinagii nazorati dokhila. Nizomi nazoratii idorakunii khavfho yake az juzhoi asosii Nizomi nazorati dokhilai Bonk ba shumor meravad.

Nizomi nazoratii khavf zinahoi zerinro peshbini menamoyad:

  1. Zinai avval (pasttarin) – Rohbaroni vohidhoi sokhtorii Bonk, hamchunin mudiriyat, shuba, filialho, sokhtorhoi zertobe;
  2. Zinai duvvum. (miyona) – Hadamoti idorakunii khavfhoi Bonk:
  3. Zinai seyum (oli) – Rayosati Bonk:
  4. Zinai chorum (nihoi) – SHuroi nozironi Bonk 

Zinai avval (pasttarin)

Dar in marhila sokhtorhoi marbuta (Rohbaroni vohidhoi sokhtorii Bonk, hamchunin mudiriyat, shuba, sarfilialho, filialho, sokhtorhoi zertobe va g.) vazifahoi zerinro ba uhda dorand:

  • monitoringi miqdorii buzurgii nishondihandahoi idorakunii khavfi mansub ba tarzi faoliyati onho;
  • nazorati muntazami tartibothoi mavjudai az jonibi kormandoni vohidhoi sokhtori ijrokunanda, ki ba holat va andozai khavfho tasiri khudro merasonad;
  • muntazam nigoh doshtani nizomi monitoringi hamai khavfhoi moliyavi va gayrimoliyavii Bonk;
  • nazorat az rui rioyai hamai dasturu qoidahoi muqarrargardidai tashkili kor dar Bonk ba vositai sokhtorhoi zerhisob (shakhson), mutobiqi siyosati qabulshudai idorakunii khavfho va nizomhoi khavfhoi gunogun dar Bonk;
  • nazorat namudan az rui ijroi rohbarii umumi va tashkili adoi uhdadoriho, ki ba sarivaqt oshkor namudan, bahodihi va idorakunii khavfhoi Bonk hangomi ijro namudani amaliyothoi aktivi va passivi aloqamand meboshand;
  • muntazam guzaronidani monitoringi taminnokii garavi dar qismati muvofiq budani on ba sathi furush, idorakunii sifati sanduqi garavi va kohish dodani khavfhoi gayritavozunii Bonk, yane idorakunii bosifati sanduqi garavii Bonk;
  • tamin namudani rioyai hamai tartibotho va meyorhoi nizomi idorakunii khavfhoi az tarafi Bonk va SHuroi nozironi Bonk muqarrar shuda az jonibi hamai kormandon va bo in baland bardoshtani madaniyati idorakunii khavfho dar joyho;
  • nazorat namudan az rui jori namudani Siyosati idorakunii khavfho dar namoyandagihoi mintaqavii Bonk;
  • tayyor namudani peshnihodho az rui muqarrar va tagiyrdihii meyorhoi qarzi va bozori, meyorho ba kontragentho dar joyho va gayra;
  • nazorat namudan az rui monitoringi rioyai meyorhoi az jonibi Bonk, Kumitai qarzi va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho muqarrargardida dar joyho;
  • nazorat az rui ijroi chorabiniho nisbati roh nadodan ba istifodabarii shabakai Bonk bo maqsadi qonuni namudani daromadhoe, ki bo rohhoi gayriqonuni ba dast ovarda shudaand va ba mablagguzorii terrorizm aloqamandi doshta.

Zinai duvvum. (miyona)

Dar in marhila Hadamoti idorakunii khavfhoi Bonk vazifahoi zerinro ba uhda dorad:

  • monitoringi holat va andozai khavfho az rui usulho;
  • nazorati ijroi majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni, hangomi dar muddati kutoh qaror doshtani Bonk zeri tasiri khavfhoi kaloni az jonibi Raisi Bonk va muovinoni u tasdiq shuda;
  • dodani tavsiya dar khususi peshgiri namudani holati yakbora dar muddati kutoh zeri tasiri yakchand khavfho qaror doshtani Bonk;
  • dodani tavsiya dar khususi roh nadodan ba ziyodshavii jiddii hissai doroihoe, ki sifati on az nishondihandahoi miyona va/yo in, ki guruhi fishanghoi moliyavi baralo farqiyat dorad;
  • dodani tavsiya dar khususi roh nadodani holati bardavomi badshavii yak yo yakchand nishondihandahoi idorakunii khavfho;
  • dodani tavsiya dar khususi roh nadodan ba nomutanosib ziyodshavii andozai khavfho nisbati tagiyryobii hajmi doroiho;
  • dodani tavsiya dar khususi roh nadodan ba amaliyothoe, ki ba istifodabarii majmui chorabiniho baroi holati buhroni ovarda merasonad;
  • dodani tavsiya dar khususi nazorati hududhoi maqbuli qarorhoi qabulshuda baroi holathoi mamul va dar holati buhroni;

Zinai seyum.(Oli)

Dar in marhila Raisi Bonk va muovinoni u vazifahoi zerinro ba uhda dorad:

  • roh nadodan ba nomutanosib ravnaq yoftani yak namudi amaliyoti Bonk nisbati digar namudi amaliyot;
  • roh nadodan ba yakbora badshavii tulonii yak yo yakchand nishondihandahoi idorakuni az rui yakchand khavfho;
  • nazorati mutobiqatii holat va andozai khavfhoi muayyani amaliyothoi Bonk az rui daromadnoki;
  • peshgirii istifodabarii shabakai sokhtorhoi Bonk bo maqsadi qonuni namudani daromadhoe, ki bo rohhoi gayriqonuni ba dast ovarda shudaand va ba mablagguzorii terrorizm ravonashavanda;
  • peshgiri namudani holati dar muddati tuloni qaror doshtani namudi alohidai amaliyoti (samti faoliyati) Bonk zeri tasiri khavfhoi muayyani kalon;
  • nazorati mutobiqatii nishondihandahoi idorakunii khavfho (khavfhoi moliyavi) ba holati kununi va durnamoi rushdi Bonk;
  • nazorati mutobiqatii daromadnokii amaliyothoi alohida ba sathi khavfhoi dakhldor;
  • qat namudani faoliyati vohidi Bonk (yo in, ki mahdudiyati vazifa va uhdadoriho), ki dar khud khavfhoi beandozaro doro meboshad;
  • nazorat namudani rioya shudani meyorhoi majmui az rui namudhoi khavf    dar    asosi hisobu kitobi harmohai onho;
  • nazorati vohidhoi Bonk oidi rioya namudani siyosati    idorakunii khavfhoi ehtimoli, imkonpazir va    monitoringi    vohidhoi Bonk oidi rioya gardidani  andozai     khavfho dar     haddi meyorhoi   baroi   onho  muqarrarshuda;
  • tatbiq kardani siyosati taqsimi (diversifikatsiyai) khavfho az rui navi amaliyothoe, ki onho meguzaronand, yane tashkili sokhtor va hajmi  amaliyoti  Bonk bo nazardoshti khavfi ba on aloqamand bo maqsadi nigahdorii sathi zarurii kifoyatii sarmoyai tanzimshavanda va pardokhtpaziri va nazorati ijroi   onhoro   az   jonibi  vohidhoi   masuli Bonk;
  • monitoringi ba khavfi qarzi duchor gardidani Bonk va shirkathoi fari az rui amaliyoti tavozuni va gayritavozuni.

Zinai nihoi.

Dar in marhila SHuroi nozironi Bonk vazifahoi zerinro ba uhda dorad:

  • roh nadodan ba tasiri manfii yakborai tulonii yakchand khavfho;
  • roh nadodan ba nomutanosibii afzoishi (yakborai) hajmi khavf nisbati ziyodshavii daromadnokii samti alohidai faoliyati Bonk;
  • nazorati umumii faoliyati nizomi idorakunii khavfho.

Ijroi qarori az jonibi yake az zinahoi nizomi nazorati idorakunii khavfho dar doirai salohiyathoi khud qabul gardida, az jonibi hamai vohidhoi zinahoi pasttar hatmist.

Hadamoti auditi dokhilii Bonk sanjishi davrii holati nizomi nazorat va tashkili samti muayyani faoliyati Bonk va dar alohidagii har yak sathro anjom medihad. Zinahoi yakum va duyumi nizomi nazorat, az jumla mavjudiyati fishanghoi nazorati, samaranokii istifodabarii on az jonibi rohbaron va shakhsoni masuli dakhldori Bonk sanjida meshavad.

BOBI 5. HAVFHOI ASOSI: USULHOI BAHODIHI VA MEHANIZMHOI IDORAKUNI

5.1. Havfi qarzi

5.1.1 Mafhum va bahodihii khavfi qarzi

Havfi qarzi – khavfi ba miyon omadani zarar dar natijai az tarafi mizoj ijro nagardidani uhdadorihoi puli tibqi shartnoma (qarz, lizing, faktoring, forfeyting, kafolat va digar amaliyotho)

Az rui amaliyothoi qarzdihi ba Bonk ehtimoliyati khavfi zararho dar namudi az dast dodani mablagi qarz va foiz dar nazar ast. Dar natijai barnagardidani qarz va foiz, digar khavfho niz az qabili zaif gardidani vazi pardokhtpaziri, past gardidani daromadnoki, ziyod gardidani kharojothoi vobasta ba tashkilnamoii zakhiraho va kam gardidani mablagi sarmoya ba vujud meoyad.

 Bahodihii khavfi qarzi

Dar faoliyati sokhtorhoi amaliyoti va khudi Bonk dar majmu az rui 29 meyor bahodihii khavfhoi qarzi va idorakunii onho ba roh monda meshavad.

Meyori foidanokii sanduqi qarzi

S(Df)- Jami daromadhoi foizi

 S(Hf)- Jami kharojoti foizi

Meyori hissai marjai foizi dar sarmoya

S(Df)- Jami daromadhoi foizi

 S(Hf)- Jami kharojoti foizi

Meyori samaranokii sofi qarzhoi daromadovaranda

Meyori samaranokii sofi qarzhoi daromadovaranda daromadnokii sofi qarzhoi ba istiloh «kori»-ro, yane faoli harakatu gardish doshtaro tajassum menamoyad.

S(Df)- Daromadi foizi

 S (Hf)- kharojoti foizi

Meyori daromadnokii umumii qarzhoi daromadovarandai faoli kori 

Meyori qarzhoi besamar (daromadnaovaranda) dar doroihoi Bonk

Meyori qarzhoi besamar (daromadnaovaranda) dar doroihoi Bonk sifati idorakunii sanduqi qarzii vohidi sokhtoriro az rui mavqei hajm, qarzhoi nofaol, tamdidshuda va batakhiraftoda baho medihad.

Meyori qarzhoi besamar dar sanduqi qarzi

Meyori qarzhoi besamar dar sanduqi qarzi juziyoti bahodihii sifati idorakunii sanduqi qarziro inikos mekunad.

Meyori qarzhoi batakhiraftoda dar sanduqi qarzi

Meyori vazni qiyosii sanduqi qarzi dar doroiho

Meyori vazni qiyosii sanduqi qarzi dar doroiho az darajai shaddidiyati siyosati qarzi (agressivnost kreditnoy politiki) guvohi medihad.

Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati

Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati darajai bo amonatho tamin budani qarzhoi dodashudaro nishon medihad.

Meyori norasogii umumii fondi pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho

Meyori kifoyatii fondi pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho

Meyori shiddatnokii siyosati qarzii Bonk 

Meyori khavfi umumii sanduqi qarzii Bonk

Meyori khavfi umumii sanduqi qarzii Bonk, ki baroi aniq muayyan namudani sifati sanduqi qarzi az rui mavqei khavfhoi qarzi khizmat mekunad.

Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi gayriqolabi dar sanduqi qarzi              

Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi shubhanok

Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi khatarnok

Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi beetimod dar tarkibi sanduqi qarzi 

Diversifikatsiyai qarzho az rui muhlat

In meyor mahdudiyatro vobasta ba muhlathoi jobajoguzorii zakhirahoi qarzi darbar megirad, yane vazni qiyosii qarzhoi kutohmuddat, miyonamuddat va darozmudatro muayyan mesozad 

Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi sohai tijorat

Diversifikatsiya az rui samti ravona namudani mablaghoi qarzi

Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi sohai khojagii qishloq

Diversifikatsiya az rui samti ravona  namudani mablaghoi qarzi

Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi istemoli

Diversifikatsiya az rui samti ravona namudani mablaghoi qarzi

Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi sohai sanoatu sokhtmon

Diversifikatsiya az rui samti ravona namudani mablaghoi qarzi

Bahodihii majmuii khavfhoi sanduqi qarzii Bonk

Ba gayr az muayyankuni va bahodihii khavfhoi alohida, ba Bonk lozim ast, ki darajai majmuii sathi khavfhoi qarzii Bonkro donad (R).

            Azbaski khavf imkoniyati zararro ifoda mekunad, binobar in, vobasta az buzurgii oqibathoi on, onhoro ba se sath judo mekunand: sathi khavfhoi imkonpazir, khatarnok va falokatovar (nig. ba rasm).

            Sathi imkonpaziri khavf – mavzee meboshad, ki dar doirai on andozai zararhoi imkonpazir az foidai chashmdosht ziyod nameshavad. Nishondihandai  majmuii khavf dar in sath na boyad az andozai 0,3 (R ≤ 0,3) ziyod boshad, ki in boisi maqsadnok budani faoliyati iqtisodi meboshad.

              Sathi khatarnoki khavf (0,3 ≤ R ≤ 0,7) – mavzei zararhoi imkonpazir, ki az andozai foidai chashmdosht ziyod meboshad, khavfi nagiriftani daromad va ba zarar duchor shudan ziyod meboshad.

Vaqt
Sathi imkonpaziri khavfho
Sathi khatarnoki khavfho
Sathi falokatovari khavfho
Mavzehoi khavfi sanduqi qarzi

              Sathi falokatovari khavf (R ≤ 0,7) – mavzee meboshad, ki dar doirai on andozai zararho metavonad ba andozai sarmoyai Bonk barobar boshad.

Tahlili sokhtori sanduqi qarzi yake az usulhoi bahodihii sifat va khavfnokii on ba shumor meravad. Az hama beshtar hamchun meyorhoi muhimi sifat va khavfnokii sanduqi qarzi, metavonand inho baromad kunand:

  • Taminnokii qarz;
  • Muhlati qarzguzori;
  • Namudi mizojon;
  • Mablagi qarz;
  • Guruhbandii mintaqavii mizoj;
  • Arzishi qarz;
  • Idorakunii sanduqi qarzi.

Baroi tashkili modeli bahodihii majmuii khafhoi sanduqi qarzi, pesh az hama, nizomi nishondihandahoi zerinro istifoda kardan lozim.

  • Koeffisienti taminnokii qarzho bo garavi pardokhtpazir:

  Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – hajmi sanduqi qarzi az mablagi taminnoki kamtar ast (to 0,9);
  • Havfi khatarnok – hajmi sanduqi qarzi ba mablagi taminnoki mutobiqat mekunad (az 0,9 to 1,0);
  • Havfi falokatovar – mablagi sanduqi qarzi az mablagi taminnoki ziyod meboshad (kalon az 1).
  • Koeffisenti qarzhoi batakhiraftoda (k2):

Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – dar sanduqi qarzi qarzhoi batakhiraftoda vujud nadorand;
  • Havfi khatarnok – qarzhoi batakhiraftoda ba 50%-i sanduqi qarzi merasad (koeffisient ≤ 0,5);
  • Havfi falokatovar – qarzhoi batakhiraftoda az 50 foizi hajmi sanduqi qarzi ziyod meboshad (koeffisient kalon az 0,5).
  • Koeffisenti diversifikatsiyai mablagguzorihoi qarzi (k3). Koeffisienti mazkur, taqsimoti qarzhoro az rui namud(kategoriya)-i qarzgirandagon nishon medihad (maqomothoi davlati, shakhsoni huquqi va shakhsoni voqei). Namudi qarzdorone, ki vazni qiyosii onho dar hajmi sanduqi qarzi nisbatan ziyod ast, ba hisob qabul karda meshavand.

Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – hissai in namudi qarzdoron ba 40% merasad (koeffisent 0,4);
  • Havfi khatarnok – hissai in namudi qarzdoron ba 70% merasad (koeffisient az 0,4 to 0,7);
  • Havfi falokatovar – hissai in namudi qarzdoron az 70% ziyod meboshad (koeffisient az 0,7 ziyod)
  • Koeffisienti gunshavii qarzho az rui mablaghoi dodashuda (k4):

Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 20%-i hajmi sanduqi qarzi ziyod nashavad (koeffisent 0,2);
  • Havfi khatarnok – agar buzurgii nishondihanda dar hududi 40%-i hajmi sanduqi qarzi qaror doshta boshad (koeffisent az 0,2 to 0,4);
  • Havfi falokatovar – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 40%-i hajmi sanduqi qarzi ziyod shavad (koeffisent ziyod az 0,4).

  • Koeffisenti gunshavii qarzho az makoni joygirshavii Bonk (k5) (joygirshavii jugrofii qarzdoronro nishon medihad):

Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 10 %-i hajmi sanduqi qarzi ziyod nashavad;
  • Havfi khatarnok – agar buzurgii nishondihanda dar hududi 30 %-i hajmi sanduqi qarzi qaror doshta boshad;
  • Havfi falokatovar – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 30 %-i hajmi sanduqi qarzi ziyod shavad.
  • Koeffisenti tanosubi kharojot va daromadhoro az rui sanduqi qarzi:

Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 0,7 ziyod nashavad;
  • Havfi khatarnok – agar buzurgi dar hududi 0,7 – 1,0 qaror doshta boshad;
  • Havfi falokatovar – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 1,0 ziyod shavad.
  • Koeffisenti pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho (k7).

Idorakunii sanduqi qarzi bo khavfhoi amaliyoti aloqamand ast, ki dar bisyor mavridho khatogii kormandonro dar vaqti qabuli qarori harakteri qarzi doshta, sharh medihad va bo chunin khatogiho peshnihod namudani qarzho, dar oyanda ba Bonk daromad nameorad.

Vobasta az buzurgii in koeffisent, onro ba guruhhoi zerini khavfnoki judo kardan mumkin ast:

  • Havfi imkonpazir – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 0,2 ziyod nashavad;
  • Havfi khatarnok – agar buzurgii nishondihanda az 0,6 ziyod nashavad;
  • Havfi falokatovar – agar buzurgii nishondihanda ba 1,0 yo ziyod barobar gardad.

Bahodihii majmuii khavfi sanduqi qarzi, bo rohi jamkunii buzurgii nishondihandaho va muayyansozii buzurgii miyona az majmu, muayyan karda meshavad:

                 Az rui buzurgii nishondihandahoi sanduqi qarzii Bonk, mumkin ast, ki ba yake az sathhoi khavfi dar bolo zikrshuda nisbat kard.

5.1.2. Hududhoi muqarrarshuda baroi khavfhoi qarzi

Bo maqsadi idorakuni va bartaraf kardani khavfi qarzi tibqi «Usuli bahodihii khavfhoi qarzi va idorakunii onho» dar Bonk, meyorhoi zerin muqarrar gardidaast.

 

 №

Nomgui meyorhoi khavfi qarzi Meyori

talabshavanda

1 Meyori foidanokii  sanduqi qarzi(K1) na kam az 0,9% dar yak moh
2 Meyori hissai marjai foizi dar sarmoya (K2) na kam az 3% dar yak moh
3  Meyori samaranokii sofi qarzhoi daromadovaranda (K3) na kam az 0,95% dar yak moh
4 Meyori daromadnokii umumii qarzhoi daromadovarandai faoli kori (K4) na kam az 2,3% dar yak moh
5 Meyori qarzhoi besamar (daromadnaovaranda) dar doroihoi Bonk (K5) na ziyoda az 0,5%
6  Meyori qarzhoi besamar dar sanduqi qarzi (K6) na ziyoda az 1,5%
7 Meyori qarzhoi batakhiraftoda dar sanduqi qarzi (K6.1) na ziyoda az 5%
8 Meyori vazni qiyosii sanduqi qarzi dar doroiho (K7) dar doirai 70- 80%
 9 Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati (K7.1) dar doirai 90- 110%
10 Meyori norasogi umumii fondi pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rii qarzho (K9) Na boyad manfi (-) boshad
11 Meyori kifoyatii umumii fondi pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rii qarzho (K10) na kam az 100%
12 Meyori shiddatnokii siyosati qarzi (K11) dar doirai 53- 78%
13 Meyori khavfi umumii sanduqi qarzii Bonk (K12) na kam az 90%
14 Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi gayriqolabi dar sanduqi qarzi (K21) na ziyoda az 7%
15 Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi shubhanok dar sanduqi qarzi (K22) na ziyoda az 1,5%
16 Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi khatarnok dar sanduqi qarzi (K23) na ziyoda az 1%
17 Vazni qiyosii qarzhoi beetimod dar sanduqi qarzi (K24) na ziyoda az 0,5%
18 Meyori qarzhoi kutohmuddat (K25.1) na ziyoda az 60%
19 Meyori qarzhoi miyonamuddat (K25.2) na ziyoda az 30%
20 Meyori qarzhoi darozmuddat (K25.3) na ziyoda az 10%
21 Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi sohai tijorat (K26) na ziyoda az 30%
22 Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi sohai khojagii qishloq (K27) na ziyoda az 15%
23 Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi istemoli (K28) na ziyoda az 45%
24 Meyori mablagguzorii qarzhoi sohai sohai sanoatu sokhtmon (K29) na ziyoda az 10%

5.1.3. Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfi qarzi va taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho

Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfi qarzi

  • ba purragi tamin namudani talabotho nisbati taqsimoti vazifaho az rui prinsiphoi bek-front ofis (Rohbariyati sokhtorhoi amaliyoti);
  • muntazam tashrif ovardan ba makoni qarzgiriftagon va khabardor gardidan az holati voqei (korshinosoni qarzii sokhtorhoi amaliyoti va kormandoni Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • hangomi az jonibi front – ofisho (korshinosoni qarzi va kormandoni Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi) muayyan gardidani tagiyryobii nomusoid dar faoliyati moliyavii mizoj, munosibat bo mizoj tahti nazorati makhsus qaror doda meshavad;

Holathoe, ki nazorati makhsusro talab menamoyad:

  • 10 ruz ba takhir aftodani pardokhti uhdadoriho;
  • tagiyryobii nomusoid dar arzishi taminoti qarz;
  • kamshavii voridoti mablag ba surathisob nisbat ba mablagi peshbinigardida;
  • paydo gardidani nishondihandai manfi dar sarmoyai kori az rui tavozuni qarzdor;
  • baland gardidani sathi nomusoidi khavfhoi beruna;
  • sust gardidani furushi mahsulot;
  • qat gardidani taminoti ashyoi khom va mahsulot;
  • ba tavri nazarras ziyod gardidani uhdadorihoi kreditori va debitorii darozmuddat;
  • nishondihandai moliyavi, ki vazi noguvorro nishon medihad;
  • tagiyryobi dar hayati idorakunandagon yo muassisoni qarzdor.

  • guzaronidani tahlilhoi gunogun va muntazam muqoisakunii khususiyathoi nishondihandahoi jori (sokhtorhoi bek-ofis);
  • barrasii holati sanduqi qarzi, nazorati sathi khavfho (amaliyothoi faol) va qabuli qarorho oidi behtar gardonidani sifati sanduqi qarzi (Kumitai idorakunii doroihoyu uhdadoriho va Kumitahoi qarzi);
  • taftishi holati samti qarzdihi dar joyho (Hadamoti auditi dokhili va dar holathoi buhroni tavassuti tashkil namudani guruhhoi kori);
  • peshnihod va tagiyr dodani meyorho nisbati samti qarzdihi (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho, Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi dar jalasahoi Kumitai qarzi);
  • muntazam guzaronidani tahlili hamatarafai imkoniyati Bonk oidi bahodihi, mamuri, nazorat va bargardonidani qarzho, kafolatho va digar vositahoi qarzi (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • muayyan kardani kifoyagii akhboroti moliyavie, ki az qarzgir girifta shudaast va istifodabarii on hangomi qabuli qaror oidi peshnihodi qarz (sokhtorhoi amaliyoti va Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • davra ba davra aznavbahodihii khavfho az rui har yak qarz (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • bahodihii khususiyatho va sifati sanduqi qarzi (sokhtorhoi amaliyoti, Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho va Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • sarivaqt oshkor namudani omilhoi voqeie, ki ba badshavii farhangi qarzdihi ovarda merasonad (sokhtorhoi amaliyoti, va Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • tahlil namudani kifoyatii zakhirahoi tashakkulshavanda az rui talafothoi imkonpaziri qarzho (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho va Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • diversifikatsiyakunii (taqsimkunii) khavfhoi qarzi (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho, Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi);
  • peshnihod namudani tagiyrot ba salohiyathoi Kumitahoi qarzii sokhtorhoi amaliyoti (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho bo nazardoshti fikru mulohizahoi Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi ba jalasai Kumitai qarzii sathi oli);
  • tahlil va bahodihi, monitoring, nazorati rioyai meyorho va peshnihod namudani khulosayu tavsiyaho oidi roh nadodan ba sathi khavfnoki samti qarzdihi (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho);
  • andeshidan va amaligardonii tadbirho dar khususi tagiyrdihii andozai khavfho;
  • dar majmu barrasi namudani holati sanduqi qarzi (amaliyothoi faol) dar jalasaho (Rayosati Bonk va SHuro Nozironi Bonk).

Taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho

Kumitai qarzii Bonk:

  • barrasii peshnihodhoi qarzi baroi ijozat dodan;
  • barrasii peshnihodho oidi vorid namudani tagiyrotho dar siyosati qarzii Bonk (az rui zaruriyat);
  • muqarrarnamoii naqshai taqsimoti salohiyatho ba Kumitaho (na kam az yak marotiba dar yak sol);
  • qabul namudani qaror oidi tagiyr dodani salohiyati qarzi dar sathi sokhtorhoi amaliyotii Bonk;
  • qabul namudani qaror az rui jambasti tahlili hayat va sokhtori sanduqi qarzii Bonk;
  • qabul namudani qaror az rui hisobotho oidi tahlili qarzhoi batakhiraftoda dar sanduqi qarzii Bonk;
  • tasdiqi hisobotho oidi Fondi pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho hisobkardashuda va tashakkuldodashuda;
  • qabul namudani qaror az rui hisobotho oidi vayronkunii salohiyathoi qarzi az tarafi sokhtorhoi amaliyotii Bonk (harmoha);
  • qabul namudani qaror az rui hisobotho oidi vayron namudani tartibi maqul shumoridani peshnihodhoi qarzi az tarafi sokhtorhoi amaliyotii Bonk (harmoha); 

Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho:

  • muayyan va tasdiq namudani qoidavu tartibi qarzgiri va

dodani kafolathoi bonki, inchunin rohhoi diversifikatsiya kardani qarzho (bozori bayni-bonki);

  • muayyan namudani prisiphoi asosii tashkili kor dar

Saridora va filialho oidi joygirkunii zakhirahoi qarzi va sarmoyaguzori az rui talabotho va meyorhoi muqarrargardida;

  • muayyan namudani qoidahoi umumi oidi muqarrar namudani

meyorhoi foizi zakhirahoi jalbshavanda va qarzhoi

peshnihodshavanda, marja az rui onho va nazorat az rui onho;

  • muntazam tahlil namudani taminnokii qarz, nazorati ijroishi nishondihandahoe, ki samaranokii istifodabarii qarzro tavsif menamoyad (gardishi qarzho, vazni qiyosii sarivaqt pardokhti qarzho va gayra.);
  • tahlil namudani hisobothoi solona va semohai Saridora va filialho az rui kori qarzi va ijroishi naqshai moliyavi;
  • muayyan namudani meyorhoi baroi khazinadori az rui samthoi gunoguni faoliyat.

Raisi Rayosat

  • tasdiq namudani Siyosati qarzi;
  • tasdiq namudani Siyosati foizi baroi qarzhoi dodashavanda. (Siyosati muqarrar  kardani  meyori  foizi,  az chumla   tartibi   muqarrar kardani  meyorhoi foiziro  niz ba tanzim medarorad.);
  • tahlil va barrasii faoliyati moliyavii Bonk va qabuli qarorho nisbati samthoi faoliyat, az jumla samti qarzdihi

SHuroi Nozironi Bonk

  • guzaronidani monitoringi faoliyati Bonk ba vositai kumitahoe,  ki  dar nazdi  SHuroi   noziron   tasis doda shudaand;
  • davra ba davra ba dast ovardani malumoti zaruriero, ki baroi nazorati holati moliyavi, tahlil va bahodikhii faoliyati Bonk dar davrai khisoboti imkon medikhad, az on jumla hisobot dar borai dinamikai qarzhoi tasnifshuda, hajmi zakhirahoi baroi onho tashkilshuda;
  • hisobot dar borai qarzhoi nave, ki ba shakhsoni vobasta va digar sahmiyadoron doda shudaand;
  • muqoisa namudani sharthoi dodani qarz ba azoi SHuroi noziron,   kormandoni rohbarikunanda va digar shakhsoni vobasta,  khizmatrasonii digar qarzgironi Bonk, az jumla bo maqsadi sanjishi daleli dodani sharthoi imtiyozi;
  • harmoha tasdiq namudani fehristi shakhsoni vobasta;
  • muqarrar namudani tartibi bahodihii   sifati qarzho;
  • tasdiq kardani qoidahoi muayyan kardan va bahodihii durnamoi khavfi qarzi baroi davrai kuhtohmuddat, miyonamuddat va darozmuddat;
  • tasdiq kardani qoidahoi bahodihii durnamoi khavfi qarzi; 

Sokhtorhoi amaliyotii Bonk.

  • manzur namudani peshnihodho az rui tagiyrdihii hududhoi muayyani amaliyothoi dakhldor, az on jumla az rui muhlatho;
  • muayyan namudani nomgui fishanghoi moliyavii hangomi guzaronidani amaliyothoi alohida istifodashavanda va/yo in, ki fishanghoi amaligardonii siyosati dakhldor dar samti aniqi faoliyat.

Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho

  • na kam az yak marotiba dar se  moh anjom dodani monitoringi  amaliyothoi qarzii dar davomi davrai hisoboti guzaronidashuda, bo maqsadi malum kardani mutamarkazii khavfhoi  Bonk  dar zaminai    nazorati majmui,  az jumla az rui qarzgiron,  sohahoi iqtisodiyot va mintaqaho;
  • peshnihod namudani malumot na kamtar az yak marotiba dar se moh ba Rohbariyati Bonk va na kam az yak marotiba dar nim sol ba SHuroi noziron doir ba khavfi qarzii Bonk, az jumla dar zaminai nazorati majmui,  az rui qarzgiron,  sohahoi iqtisodiyot, mintaqaho;
  • tahlil namudani durust bahoguzori shudani qobiliyati qarzadokunii qarzgiranda;

Hadamoti auditi dokhili

  • musoidat namudan dar bobati takmili bahodikhii khavfhoi qarzi, idorakunii khavfho va nazorati dokhili;
  • nazorati rioya shudani qoidavu rasmiyoti dokhilii Bonk dar samti qarzdihi;
  • bahoguzori namudani imkoniyati paydoishi khavfhoi qarzii Bonk vobasta ba rioya shudani sanahoi meyorii huquqie, ki hangomi jori kardani namudhoi navi khizmathoi Bonk tanzim mekunad.
  • mustakilona omoda kardani peshnihodu tavsiyaho ba rohbariyati Bonk oid ba masalai bartaraf kardani kambudiyu norasogihoi dar kori kormandoni alokhida va dar vohidhoi sokhtori oshkorshuda dar samti qarzdihi.

SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarobakuni

  • peshnihodi tavsiyaho oid ba muqarrar kardani meyori foiz az rui qarzhoi    dodashavanda;
  • muntazam tartib dodani jadvali muhlati pardokhti qarzho mutobiqi tarikhi hisobbarobari;
  • tahlili baland bardoshtani meyori foiz va kam kardani muhlati pardokhti qarzhoi giriftai Bonk va digar qarzhoi beruni;

Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi

  • tahiyai tartibi tekhnikii guzaronidani     amaliyoti qarzii Bonk;
  • burdani hisobdorii amaliyothoi qarzii Bonk;

SHubai tekhnalogiyahoi ittilooti

  • tanzimi tartibi tekhnikii guzaronidani amaliyoti qarzii Bonk;
  • tanzimi hisobdorii amaliyothoi qarzii Bonk;
  • nazorati nizomi korkardi elektronii malumotho dar samti qarzdihi.

SHubai huquq va kormandon

  • nazorat namudani ijroi qonunguzorii Jumkhurii Tojikiston,  mutobiqat   kardani faoliyati   Bonk va faoliyati kormandon dar bozori moliyavi;
  • az rui darkhostho dodani maslihatu mashvarat dar borai mutobiqat kardani amaliyoti (qarordodi) mushakhkhas yo qismi on ba talaboti qonunguzorii Jumkhurii Tojikiston.
  • Az nomi Bonk ishtirok kardan dar murofiyahoi sudi bahri halli bahsho bo qarzdoron, ki az shartnomahoi qarzi bar meoyand; 

5.2. Havfi asori 

5.2.1.  Mafhum va bahodihii khavfi asori

Havfi asori– in khavfi ba vujud omadani zarar az rui tagiyr yoftani qurbi asor hangomi anjom dodani amaliyot yo khud bo sababi aznavbahodihii mavqei asorii Bonk. 

Bahodihi tariqi usuli VaR

Baroi tamini tahlili purrai khavfi asori va emin nigoh doshtan az ravandhoi zararovari dar in samti faoliyat joy doshta, usuli VaR istifoda karda meshavad, ki on bevosita bo istifoda az imkonoti peshbini namudan, idorakunii favrii mavqei asorro tamin menamoyad va dar in zamina ziyonhoi imkondoshtaro peshgiri mesozad.

VaR (Value at Risk) – in nishondihandai khavfi tagiyr yoftani arzish meboshad, yane arzishi mavqei asori ba kadom andoza ba samti pastravi mayl dorad, on barjasta ifsho mekunad.

VaR – in andozai khavfhoe meboshad, ki talafoti Bonk onhoro bo ehtimoliyati muqarrargardida va dar davomi muhlati vaqti intikhobgardida nameguzarad, yane zararhoi nihoii imkondoshtaro dar muddati muayyani vaqt va bo andozai darajai qobili qabuli lozima nishon medihad.

            Dar mavridi intikhobshuda takya ba VaR – i 1 ruza va 10 ruza, inchunin bo ehtimoliyati 98% karda shudaast.  YAne in manoi onro dorad, ki dar davomi 1 va yo 10 ruz zarari Bonk bo ehtimoliyati 98% az andozai nishondihandai VaR ziyod peshbini nameshavad. Muvofiqan bo ehtimoliyati 2% zarar az in mablag ziyod shuda metavonad.

Formulai zaminavi baroi muayyan kardani VaR bo nazardoshti arzishi mavqei aktiv chunin meboshad: 

VaR = V* λ *σ, 

in jo:

V – Qimmati (mablagi) mavkei kushodai asor;
λ – Darajai ehtimoliyat (98%  = 2.33, 95% = 1.65, 97.5% =1.96);
σ – Tagiyryobii standarti dar muhlati intikhobshuda.

Dar in zamina, alhol boyad az jonibi idorakunandagoni mavqei kushodai asori, yane sokhtori Hazinadori harakatho baroi tahlil va asosnok budani nigoh doshtani mavqe dar hududhoi joydoshta piyoda gardad.

            Agar muayyan shavad, ki istifodai alternativi va yo nigoh doshtani in mavqe daromadi beshtarero az ziyoni imkondoshta ba bor meorad, hududi mavqero betagiyr mondan mumkin ast. Vale agar poydor mondani on ba zarari kalon hamohang boshad, on goh chorahoi favriro oidi islohi in vaziyat boyad andeshid.

            Baroi mavqei mavjudbuda az rui dollari IMA, Rubli rusi va Evro zarari imkondoshtaro baroi 1 va 10 ruz bo darajai qabulgardidai ehtimoliyat muayyan karda meshavad. In nishondihandaho malumotro bo maqsadi idorakunii favrii mavqei kushoda peshnihod mesozand. Vobasta ba in natijaho Bonk metavonad chorahoi amaliro pesh az ba vuqu payvastani in zararho andeshad.

5.2.2. Hududhoi muqarrarshuda baroi khavfhoi asori

Bo maqsadi mahdud namudani khavfi asori, Bonki millii Tojikiston tibqi Dasturamali khud tahti № 175 «Oid ba meyorhoi haddi nihoii mavqei kushodai asori va tartibi hisobi onho baroi Tashkilothoi qarzi (kredity)» meyorhoi mavqei kushodai asoriro muqarrar namudaast.

            Hududi mavqei kushodai asori (koeffitsienti K6.1 va K 6.2), khududi tanosubi umumi va individualii mavqei kushodai asori bo sarmoyai tanzimshavandai Tashkiloti qarzi(krediti). In koeffitsientkho bo formulai zerin muayyan karda meshavand. 

 K6.2

           Hududhoi (meyorhoi) zerini mavqei kushodai asorii Tashkilothoi qarzi dar okhiri har ruzi moh muqarrar karda meshavand:

a)  Baroi asori khorijii qobili tabdili ozod:

Nomgui meyor Talaboti meyor
Mavqei umumii kushodai darozi asori (K6.1.1.) na ziyoda az 10%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda
Mavqei umumii kushodai kutohi asori (K6.1.2.)  na ziyoda az 10%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda
Mavqei kushodai darozi asori az rui asori alohidai khoriji K6.2.1. na ziyoda az 8%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda
Mavqei kushodai kutohi asori az rui asori alohidai khoriji (K6.2.2.) na ziyoda az 8%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda

b) Baroi asori khorijii gayriqobili tabdili ozod:

Nomgui meyor Talaboti meyor
Mavqei umumii kushodai darozi asori (K6.1.3.) na ziyoda az 10%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda
Mavqei umumii kushodai kutohi asori (K6.1.4.)  na ziyoda az 10%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda
Mavqei kushodai darozi asori az rui asori alohidai khoriji K6.2.3. na ziyoda az 8%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda
Mavqei kushodai kutohi asori az rui asori alohidai khoriji (K6.2.4.) na ziyoda az 8%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda

Ba asori qobili tabdili ozod (AQTO) inho dakhl dorand: USD 840 (dollari IMA), EUR 978 (evro), CHF 756 (franki SHveytsariya), DKK 208 (kronai Daniya), JPI 392 (yeni CHopon), GBR 826 (funt sterling), CAD 124 (dollari Kanada), AUD 036 (dollari Avstraliya), SEK 752 (kronai SHvetsiya).

Ziyod shudani hududi muqarrarshudai mavqei kushodai asori nametavonand, ki az jonibi Bonk ba ruzi amaliyotii digar guzaronida shavand va baroi on, ki khududi muqarrarshudai mavqe rioya shavad, ba Bonk zarur ast, ki amaliyoti asorii muvozinatkunandaro guzaronad, yane asori khorijii gayrikifoyatiro bikharad va yo ziyodatiashro bifurushad.

            Hududhoi muqarrarshudai mavqei kushodai asori metavonand bo Qarori
Rayosati Bonki millii Tochikiston tagiyr doda shavand.

            JSP  «Bonki Tojikiston» mustaqilona  baroi Saridorai Bonk va filialho zerhududhoi mavqei kushodai asori muqarrar menamoyad. Taqsimoti in zerhududho dar doirai mahdudiyathoi baroi JSP  «Bonki Tojikiston», ki az jonibi Bonki millii Tojikiston muqarrar gardidaast, amali karda meshavad.

Tahlili khavfi asori, az qismhoi tarkibii zerin iboratand:

  • holati mavqei asori Bonk dar majmu va dar alohidagii sokhtorhoi amaliyoti;
  • natijahoi aznavbahodihii jorii hisobhoi asori – amaliyothoi mubodilavi va peshbinii imkonpaziri daromadho va kharojotho az aznavbahodihi;
  • samaranokii amaliyothoi mubodilavi-asori, amaliyothoi kharidu furushi asori khoriji dar birja va berun az birja va dar bozorhoi baynalkhalqii asori, svophoi asori, amaliyotho az rui qarordodhoi forvardi va gayraho;
  • daromadnokii amaliyothoe, ki az rui soporishhoi mizojon ijro megardand.
  • sathi uhdadorihoi batakhiraftoda az rui qarzho bo asori khoriji – hududhoi uhdadorihoi batakhiraftoda bo foiz nisbati sanduqi qarzi, foizi qarzhoi beetimod bo asori khoriji dar sanduqi qarzi va gayra;
  • har yak sokhtori amaliyoti mustaqilona dar in zamina faoliyat namoyand:
Nishondihandaho Talaboti meyor
Zakhirai hisobiii talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho bo asori khoriji nisbati mavqei kushodai asori khoriji barobari 1 yo 100%
Zakhirai hisobiii talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho bo asori khoriji nisbati sarmoyai tanzimshavanda Na ziyoda az 16%-i sarmoyai tanzimshavanda

Meyor bo VaR az rui hamai asorho dar majmu muqoisa karda meshavad. Agar mablagi majmuii VaR az in meyor ziyod boshad, dar on surat zarur meoyad, ki andozai mavqero az rui asori dakhldor kamtar karda shavad.

         Meyor baroi har yak asori alohidai giriftashuda dar asosi taqsimkunii majmuii hudud az rui tarkib muqarrar karda meshavad, yane baroi asorhoi asosie, ki az rui onho Bonk amaliyot meguzaronad.

5.2.3. Mekhanizmi idorakunii khavfhoi asori va taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho

Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfhoi asori

  • tashkil namudani sanduqi amaliyothoi asori bo nazardoshti mutobiq namudani doroiho va uhdadoriho az rui namudi asor va muhlatho (Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho);
  • Tagiyr dodani muhlati pardokht (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho);
  • Restrukturizatsiyai uhdadorihoi asori (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi, SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho);
  • nazorati harruzai tagiyryobii qurbi asorhoi tasirrasoni khoriji, mavqei Bonk bo asorhoi khoriji (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni);
  • tahlil va omoda namudani hisobot oidi khavfi asori, az jumla bo nazardoshti oqibatho az khavf va rohhoi bartaraf namudani onho (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho);
  • tahlil, muqarrar va tasdiq namudani mavqei asorii sokhtorhoi amaliyoti (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho);
  • barrasii foida va zarari Bonk va sokhtorhoi amaliyoti dar alohidagi az rui amaliyothoi asori (kharidu furushi asor), nazorat kardani holati mavqei asor dar ruzi okhiri korii Bonk va az rui ijroishi meyorhoi muqarrar gardida (SHubai muhosibot va omor, SHubai  khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho);
  • diversifikatsiyai mavqei asorii Bonk az rui asorhoi khoriji (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho);
  • sugurtanamoii khavfi asori tariqi bastani shartnomahoi fyuchersi, forvardi va gayraho az rui amaliyothoi muhlatnok bo nazardoshti qablan muqarrar namudani qurbi asor (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho va SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni);
  • talab namudani qarzdihi tanho muvofiq bo asori jalbgardida (Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoroiho).

Taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho

SHuroi nozironi Bonk

  • Har se moh tahlil namudani hisobotho oidi guruhbandi kardani namudhoi vositahoi moliyavy va nishon dodani arzishi tavozuni, arzishi bozori, daromadnoki va mablagi umumii kharidu furush;
  • Har se moh tahlil namudani hisobotho oidi tahlili mukhtasari khavfi  tagyiryobii qurbi mubodilavii asor dar Bonk;
  • Tasdiq namudani siyosati dokhilii idorakunii amaliyoti kharidu furushi vositahoi moliyavi;
  • Tasdiq namudani siyosati peshgirii kharojoti az meyor ziyod kharidu/furushi vositahoi moliyavi, muqarrar kardani nazorati rioyashavii in siyosat az tarafi Bonk va naqshai holathoi gayrichashmdosht;
  • Qabul namudani qaror doir ba mavqei asori dar asosi tahlili tagiyryobii qurbi asor;
  • Muqarrar namudani meyorhoi mavqei kushodai asor va meyori mavqei kholisi asor.

Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadorihoi Bonk

  • Muayyan namudani qoidavu tartibi guzaronidani amaliyoti kharidu furushi vositahoi moliyavi, inchunin rohhoi diversifikatsiya kardani onho;
  • Muayyan namudani tadbirhoi khavfi asori va korkardi tadbirhoi himoyatkunanda az khavfi asori, muayyan namudani omilhoi khavfi asori va idorakunii on.

Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho

  • Tahlilu bahodihii khavfi asori tariqi usuli VaR va peshnihodi khulosaho bo nazardoshti oqibat va rohhoi bartaraf kardani khavfho. 

Hadamoti auditi dokhili

  • Musoidat namudan dar bobati takmili bahodikhii khavfhoi asori, idorakunii khavfho va nazorati dokhili tavsiyaho doda, ba amali gardidani khadafhoi muayyan;
  • Bahoguzori namudani imkoniyati paydoishi khavfhoi asori vobasta ba rioya shudani sanadhoi meyorii huquqi;
  • Mustakilona omoda kardani peshnihodu tavsiyaho ba rohbariyati Bonk oid ba masalai bartaraf kardani kambudiyu norasogihoi dar kori kormandoni alokhida va dar vohidhoi sokhtori oshkorshuda.

SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarobakuni

  • Monitoringi khavfi asori;
  • Har hafta nazorat namudani khavfi asori az rui amaliyoti tavozuni va gayritavozuni;
  • Har khafta khabardor namudani Rohbariyati Bonk va khar moh khabordor namudani SHuroi noziron oid ba mavqei asori Bonk   nisbati   dinamika   va namudhoi   amaliyoti kharidu furush;
  • Muqarrar kardani qurbi kharidu furushi asorhoi khoriji nisbat ba arzi milli;
  • Monitoringi khavfi asori dar zaminai nazorati majmui;
  • Muntazam guzaronidani monitoringi manbahoi doroihoi zudfurush, az jumla baroi jalbi puli milli va asor dar natijai anjom dodani amaliyoti spot, forvard va svop, ki dar amaliyai jahoni qabul gardidaand;
  • Amali namudani monitoring va idorakunii mavqei gep- i puli nakd az rui har yak namudi asor biduni mubodila kardan ba puli milly yo digar asori khoriji;
  • Nazorat kardani mavqei gep-i puli nakd ba vositai muqarrar kardani meyorho;
  • Tahlili tagiyryobii qurbi asor az rui nizomi duyumdaraja (yorirason);
  • Muntazam guzaronidani tahlili mavqei kushodai asor yo tarze, ki dar onho arzishi vositahoi asori az khavf baho doda meshavand, baroi muayyan kardani   hassosiyat    ba ta gyiryobii qurbi asor;

SHubai muhosibot va omor

  • Bahisobgiri, bahodihi va aznavbahodihii amaliyothoi asori.

Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi

  • Tahlili darajai bozpardokht nashudani qarzhoe, ki bo asori khoriji doda shudaast.

SHubai tekhnalogiyahoi ittilooti

  • Tanzimi tartibi tekhnikii guzaronidani amaliyothoi asori;
  • Tanzimi hisobdorii amaliyothoi Bonk.

SHubai huquq va kormandon

  • Nazorat namudani ijroi qonunguzorii Jumkhurii Tojikiston, mutobiqat kardani faoliyati Bonk va faoliyati kormandon dar bozori moliyavi;
  • Az rui darkhostho dodani maslihatu mashvarat dar borai mutobiqat kardani amaliyoti (qarordodi) mushakhkhas yo qismi on ba talaboti qonunguzorii Jumkhurii Tojikiston.

Rohbaroni sokhtorhoi amaliyotii (samti faoliyat) Bonk.

  • Manzur namudani peshnihodho az rui tagiyrdihii hududhoi muayyani amaliyothoi asori; 

5.3.Havfi pardokhtpaziri

5.3.1.   Mafhumho va usulhoi bahodihii khavfi pardokhtpaziri;

Havfi pardokhtpaziri – khavfi ehtimolan ijro nashudan yo sarivaqt ijro nashudani uhdadorihoi Bonk dar nazdi mizojon meboshad.

Nishondihandai pardokhtpazirii Bonk, tanosubi doroihoyu uhdadoriho va sathi mutobiqatii muhlathoi doroihoi joygirshuda va uhdadorihoi jalbshudai Bonkro muayyan menamoyad.

Omile, ki ba pardokhtpazirii Bonk tasir merasonad in sifati doroihoi Bonk meboshad. Sifati doroiho dar asosi chor meyor az qabili: pardokhtpaziri, khavfnoki, daromadnoki va taqsimkuni muayyan karda meshavad. 

Meerhoi pardokhtpazirii Bonk zaminai bisyorjabha doshta az inho iboratand:

  • Pardokhtpazirii lahzavi;
  •  Pardokhtpazirii jori;
  •  Pardokhtpazirii umumi;
  •  Pardokhtpazirii kutohmuddat;
  • Pardokhtpazirii miyonamuddat;
  •  Meyori pardokhtpaziri;
  • Meyori khavfnokii doroiho;
  •  Meyori daromadnokii doroiho;
  • Meyori sokhtori amonatho;
  •  Meyori sokhtori mablaghoi jalbkardashuda;
  • Meyori mutobiqatii doroiho va uhdadoriho;
  •  Meyori umumii sanduqi qarzi;
  •  Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati;
  • Meyori shiddatnokii siyosati qarzi.

Pardokhtpazirii lahzavi

Meyori pardokhtpazirii lahzavi khavfi az dast dodani qobiliyati pardokhtpaziriro dar davomi 1 ruzi nazdik muayyan mekunad va hamchun tanosubi doroihoi pardokhtpaziri darajai aloro nisbati uhdadorihoi dar davomi 1 ruz pardokhtshavanda tachassum menamoyad.   Az rui qoidai umumi, meyori pardokhtpazirii lahzavi az rui formulai zerin hisob karda meshavad:

                  S (Ap)

 Kp1 =

                    S (Ud) 

S (Ap) – doroihoi pardokhtpaziri darajai alo

S (Ud) – uhdadorihoi darkhosti bo ehtimoliyati pardokht dar davomi 1 ruzi nazdik.

 

Meyori pardokhtpazirii jori

Meyori pardokhtpazirii jori khavfi tahdidi az dast dodani pardokhtpaziriro dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik muayyan sokhta, hamchun tanosubi doroihoi pardokhtpazir nisbati uhdadorihoi darkhosti va kutohmuddat dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik pardokhtshavanda muayyan menamoyad

             S (Ap)

  Kp2 =

            S (Udk)

 

   S (Ap) – doroihoi pardokhtpaziri jori va doroihoe, ki ehtimoliyati bargashtro dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik doro meboshand;

   S (Ud.k.) – uhdadorihoi darkhosti va uhdadorihoi kutohmuddat bo ekhtimoliyati pardokht dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik.

 

Meyori pardokhtpazirii umumi

Meyori pardokhtpazirii umumi miqdori doroihoe, ki dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik ba vositahoi puli mubaddal megardand va hajmi umumii uhdadorihoi pardokhtashavandaro ba tanzim medarorand.

                S (Ap)

   Kp3 =

                S (Us)

   S (Ap) – doroihoi pardokhtpaziri jori va dorandai ehtimoliyati bargasht dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik

   S (Us) – mablagi umumii uhdadorihoi pardokhtashavanda az rui surathisobhoi tavozuni

Pardokhtpazirii kutohmuddat

Meyori pardokhtpazirii kutohmuddat khavfi az dast dodani pardokhtpaziriro, hangomi joygirkunii mablagho ba doroihoi kutohmuddat, mahdud menamoyad. In nishondod hamchun tanosubi talabothoi kutohmuddat, yane bo muhlati pardokht az 30 to 90 ruz va uhdadorikhoi bo hamin muhlat joygirshuda, muayyan megardad.

               S (Ak)

  Kp4 =

               S (Uk)

S (Ak)-mablagi tamomi doroiho bo muhlati pardokht dar davomi az 30 to 90 ruz

S (Uk) –  mablagi tamomi uhdadoriho bo muhlati pardokht az 30 to 90 ruz

Meyori mazkur az sababi vujud nadoshtani zaminai zakhiravi vayron karda meshavad va rioya nakardani in meyor dar Bonk nomutobiqatii doroiho va uhdadorihoro ba miyon meorad va on dar navbati khud ba pardokhtpazirii Bonk tasiri manfi merasonad.

Pardokhtpazirii miyonamuddat

Meyori pardokhtpazirii miyonamuddat khavfi az dast dodani pardokhtpaziriro, hangomi joygirkunii mablagho ba doroihoi miyonamuddat, mahdud menamoyad. In nishondod hamchun tanosubi talabothoi kutohmuddat va digar doroiho, yane bo muhlati pardokht az 91 to 180 ruz va uhdadorihoi bo hamin muhlat joygirshuda, muayyan megardad.

S (Am)

   Kp5 =

                 S (Um)

S (Am)- mablagi tamomi doroiho bo muhlati pardokht dar davomi az 91 to 180 ruz

S (Um) –  mablagi tamomi uhdadoriho bo muhlati pardokht az 91 to 180 ruz

Sababi asosi rioya nagardidani meyori mazkur in vujud nadoshtani zaminai zakhiravi dar in muhlat ba shumor meravad, yane chunin holati nomutobikatii doroiho va uhdadoriho metavonad ba pardokhtpazirii Bonk tasiri manfi rasonad.

Meyori pardokhtpaziri

Meyori pardokhtpaziri vazni qiyosii doroihoi dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik ba vositahoi puli tabdilyobandaro dar hajmi umumii doroiho, be nazardoshti zakhirai tashkilshudai pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho, ba nazar megirad.

      S (Ap)

 Kp6 =

        S(D-Z)

S (Ap) – doroihoi pardokhtpaziri jori va dorandai ehtimoliyati bargasht dar davomi 30 ruzi nazdik

D – mablagi umumii tamomi doroiho

Z – mablagi tashkilkardashudai zakhirai pushonidani talafothoi imkonpazir az rui qarzho

Meeri khavfnokii doroiho (kifoyatii sarmoya)

Meyori khavfnokii doroiho tanosubi sarmoyai tanzimshavandai Bonkro nisbati doroiho bo nazardoshti khavf bakashidashuda muayyan menamoyad: 

Meyori daromadnokii doroiho

 

Meyorii daromadnokii doroiho in tanosubi daromadi umumi va doroihoi Bonk.

 Daromadho

   Kp8 =

               Doroiho

 

Meyori samaranokii doroiho (ROA) in meyor darajai samaranokii joygirkunii doroihoro inikos mekunad va hamchun tanosubi foida va doroiho muayyan karda meshavad.

Foida

   Kp8.1.  =

                           Doroiho

Meyori sokhtori amonatkho (meyori sifati zaminai amonati)

Qobili qayd ast, ki yake az omilhoi muayyankunandai pardokhtpaziri in sokhtori zaminai amonati ba hisob meravad. Sifati zaminai amonati nishondihandai etimodii aholi va subekthoi khochagidor ba nizomi faoliyati Bonk meboshad.

Meyori sokhtori amonatho tanosubi amonathoi darkhostiro nisbati mablagi umumii amonatho muayyan menamoyad.

  Amonathoi darkhosti

   Kp9 =

                 Amonatho hamagi 

Meyori sokhtori mablaghoi jalbkardashuda (meyori vobastagi az qarzhoi bayni-bonki)

Meyori sokhtori mablaghoi jalbkardashuda yo in, ki meyori vobastagi az zakhirahoi bayni-bonki mutanosibii majmui zakhirahoi bayni-bonki ba vositahoi jalbshudai umumii Bonkro muayyan menamoyad.

                 Qarzhoi baynibonki

   Kp10 =

                  Mablaghoi jalbkardashuda

Qarzhoi bayni-bonki – mablagi hamai qarzho (zakhiraho) az muassisahoi moliyavi jalbshuda

Mablaghoi jalbkardashuda – mablagi tamomi zakhirahoi jalbshuda be nazardoshti surathisobhoe, ki khususiyati muvaqqati dorand.

Meyori mutobiqatii doroiho va uhdadoriho

Mutobiqatii doroiho va uhdadoriho az rui mablag va muhlat baroi Bonk benihoyat muhim meboshad.

Nabudani qobiliyati Bonk oidi asosnok yo qonuni qone namudani talaboti mizojon, ki ba az dast dodani shartnomahoi foidanok va zaif gardidani mavqei raqobatpazirii Bonk ovarda merasonad.

Meyori mutobiqatii doroiho va uhdadoriho az 181- 365 ruz, az 1 to 3 sol va ziyoda az 3 sol

    Doroiho az 181 – 365 ruz

   Kp11  =

                 Uhdadoriho az 181 – 365 ruz

Boqimonda muhlathoi zikrgardida niz bo in formula muayyan karda meshavad.

Meyori umumii sanduqi qarzi

Meyori umumii sanduki qarzi nisbati shiddatnokii siyosati qarzi nokifoyagi va az meyor ziyod budani gunjoishi on darak medikhad.

Meyori umumii sanduqi qarzi tanosubi mablagguzorii qarzdihiro nisbati doroihoi Bonk muayyan menamoyad.

                 Mablagguzorii qarzi

   Kp12 =

                               Doroiho

Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati

     Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati tanosubi mablagguzorii qarzdihiro nisbati amonatho muayyan menamoyad:

                    Mablagguzorii qarzi

   Kp13 =

                             Amonatho

Meyori shiddatnokii siyosati qarzi

Meyori shiddatnokii siyosati qarzi samti siyosati qarzii Bonkro tavsif (muayyan) menamoyad.

Meyori mazkur tanosubi joygirkunii qarziro nisbati mablaghoi jalbgardidai Bonk muayyan menamoyad.

                   Mablagguzorihoi qarzi

   Kp14 =

                        Mabaghoi jalbgardida

5.3.2. Hududhoi muqarrargardida baroi khavfhoi pardokhtpaziri;

Bo maqsadi idorakunii pardokhtpaziri va bartaraf kardani khavfi pardokhtpaziri tibqi Dasturamali Bonki milli Tojikiston tahti № 176 «Dar borai tartibi tanzimi faoliyati tashkilothoi qarzi» va tajribai bonkho meyorhoi zerin muqarrar gardidaast.

 

 №

Nomgui meyorhoi pardokhtpaziri Meyori

talabshavanda

1 Meyori pardokhtpazirii lahzavi (Kp1) dar doirai 15-60%
2 Meyori pardokhtpazirii jori (Kp2) dar doirai 30-60%
3 Meyori pardokhtpazirii umumi(Kp3) na kam az 25%
4 Pardokhtpazirii kutohmuddat (Kp4) na ziyoda az 80%
5 Pardokhtpazirii miyonamuddat (Kp5) na ziyoda az 70%
6 Meyori pardokhtpaziri (Kp6) na kam az 15%
7 Meyori khavfnokii doroiho (kifoyatii sarmoya) (Kp7) na kam az 12%
8  Meyori daromadnokii doroiho (Kp8) 25.2% solona

2.1% mohona

 9 Meyori samaranokii doroiho  (Kp8.1.) 4.2% solona, 0.35% mohona
10 Meyori sokhtori amonatho (meyori sifati zaminai amonati) (Kp9) dar doirai 60- 80%
11 Meyori sokhtori mablaghoi jalbkardashuda (meyori vobastagi az qarzhoi bayni-bonki) (Kp10) na ziyoda az 25%
12 Meyori muvofiqoii doroiho va uhdadoriho (Kp11)
13 Baroi muhlathoi az 181- 365 ruz (Kp11.1.) na ziyoda az 65%
14 Baroi muhlathoi az 1 to 3 sol (Kp11.2.) na ziyoda az 60%
15 Baroi muhlathoi ziyoda az 3 sol (Kp11.3.) na ziyoda az 50%
16 Meyori umumii sanduqi qarzi (Kp12) dar doirai 70- 80%
17 Meyori istifodabarii mablaghoi amonati (Kp13) dar doirai 90- 110%
18 Meyori shiddatnokii siyosati qarzi (Kp14) dar doirai 53- 78%

 

5.3.3. Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfi pardokhtpaziri va taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho

Mekhanizmhoi idorakunii khavfi pardokhtpaziri  

  • muqarrar namudani meyorhoi gunogun oidi nigoh doshtani sathi pardokhtpaziri (Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho bo peshnihodi Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho va SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni);
  • tahlil va bahodihi, monitoring, nazorati rioyai meyorho va peshnihod namudani khulosayu tavsiyaho oidi roh nadodan ba sathi khavfnok (Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho);
  • mutobiq namudani mablaghoi doroiho ba uhdadorihoi mavjuda az rui muhlat, yane takmil va/yo tagiyr dodan va nazorat namudani nizomi idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho (SHubai  khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni dar muvofiqa bo Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho  va Rohbariyati Bonk);
  • mutobiq joygir namudani mablaghoi doroiho az rui muhlati mablaghoi uhdadorihoi jalbgardida (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni);
  • jalb va ziyod namudani mablagi amonathoi darkhosti bo rohhoi gunogun (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzi va dar oyanda shubai marketing va bahoguzorii mahsulothoi Bonk);
  • Peshburdi siyosati Bonk dar rushdi qarzhoi kutohmuddat dar sanduqi qarzi (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzi);
  • qatiyan man namudani qarzdihi az hisobi amonathoi darkhosti (Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho va Rohbariyati Bonk);
  • mahdud namudani peshnihodi qarzhoi kalon va/yo gunkunii (konsentratsiyai) qarzho va amonathoi kalon dar sanduqi qarziyu amonati (Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho va Rohbariyati Bonk);
  • diversifikatsiyai doroiho va uhdadoriho (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzi, va SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni);
  • tagiyrdihii meyori foiz baroi jalbi qarzhoi (amonathoi) kutohmuddat va darozmuddat (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzi, SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni, Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho );
  • tagiyrdihii sokhtori (restrukturizatsiyai) doroiho, az jumla furushi qismi doroiho az sanduqi kogazhoi qimmatnoki Bonk (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni va Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho);
  • tagiyrdihii sokhtori (restrukturizatsiyai) uhdadorihoi kutohmuddat ba uhdadorihoi darozmuddat va/yo qarzho/amonathoi subordinari (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarobarkuni va kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadoriho);
  • korkard va tahiyai namudhoi navi amonathoi shakhsoni huquqiyu voqei bo nazardoshti muhlathoi pardokhtii zaruri (ahmiyatnok) baroi Bonk (Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzi va dar oyanda Mudiriyati marketing va bahoguzorii mahsulothoi Bonk);
  • jalb namudani qarzhoi subordinari (SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarbarkuni);

Taqsimoti salohiyatho va uhdadoriho bayni sokhtorho

Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadorihoi Bonk:

  • muayyan namudani rohhoi diversifikatsiya kardani sokhtori doroiho va uhdadoriho vobasta ba pardokhtpaziri;
  • muayyan namudani prisiphoi asosii tashkili kor dar Saridora va filialho oidi meyorhoi muqarrargardidai pardokhpaziri;
  • tahlil namudani hisobothoi solona va semohai Saridora va filialho az rui masalahoi amliyothoi puliyu-khazinavi va kogazhoi qimmatnok;
  • dida baromadani peshnihod az rui masalai takmildihii amaliyothoi puliyu khazinavi, kogazhoi qimmatnok va hisobbarobarkuni, omoda namudani khulosa az rui onho va andeshidani tadbirhoi dakhldor bahri dar amal tatbiq namudani peshnihodoti qabulgardida;
  • takmildihiii metodalogiyahoi (usulhoi) idorakunii pardokhtpaziri, muayyan namudan va idorakunii omilhoi pardokhtpaziri va takroran az nav dida baromadani nishondihandahoi pardokhtpaziri;
  • tahlili sifat va sokhtori sanduq i pasandozi;
  • muayyan namudani sathi pardokhtpaziri baroi vohidhoi sokhtori az rui darajai pardokhtpaziri (lahzavi, jori, umumi, daromadnokii doroiho, taqsimkuni, mutobiqatii doroiho va uhdadoriho va gayraho);

Kumitai qarzii Bonk:

  • nazorat namudani sifati qarzho va barrasii darkhosthoi karzi dar doirai salohiyat;
  • qabul namudani qaror az rui hisobotho oidi tahlili qarzhoi batakhiraftoda dar sanduqi qarzii Bonk bo nazardoshti vayron nagardidani vazi pardokhtpaziri;

Rohbariyati Bonk

  • bekor namudani qarorhoe, ki dar doirai salohiyathoi maqomothoi dastajamona va maqomothoi idorakunandagoni khavfho qabul shudaand, ba gayr az qarorhoi SHuroi Nozironi Bonk va qabuli qarori qati;
  • qabuli qarori makhsus (dar holati dar muddati kutoh zeri tasiri khavfi dakhldor qaror doshtani Bonk) oidi az nav dida baromadani tagiyrothoi hududhoi pardokhtpaziri;
  • muayyan namudani meyori andozai joizi khavfho dar alohidagi az rui navhoi amaliyoti Bonk dar qismi meyorhoi majmuii tasdiq namudai SHuroi Noziron va andeshidani chorahoi muassirii nazorati baroi az tarafi Bonk rioya shudani in meyorho;
  • andeshidani choraho baroi nigahdorii sathi pardokhtpaziri hangomi faro rasidani harguna omilho.

SHuroi nozironi Bonk

  • tasdiqi majmui chorabiniho va (yo in, ki) durnamoiho baroi holathoi buhroni dar mavridi muddati tuloni qaror doshtani faoliyati Bonk zeri tasiri khavfi pardokhtpaziri;

Sokhtorhoi amaliyotii (samti faoliyat) Bonk.

  • manzur namudani peshnihodho az rui tagiyrdihii hududhoi muayyani pardokhtpaziri;

Hadamoti idorakunii khavfho

  • tahlil, bahodihi, monitoring va peshnihodi khulosaho bo nazardoshti rohhoi idorakunii pardokhtpaziri, andeshidani tadbirho va nazorati pardokhtpaziri;
  • istifoda burdani usuli bahodihii sathi pardokhtpaziri dar surati mavjud budani dinamikai manfi dar bozorhoi moliyavi va molii jahoni;
  • peshgui namudani omilhoi, ki ba pardokhtpaziri tasir merasonand az on jumla past shudani narkhi pakhta va alyuminiy, az jonibi Tashkiloti qarzii khoriji baland bardoshtani meyori qarzho va kamtar kardani muhlati qarzhoi ba Tashkiloti qarzii Jumhurii Tojikiston dodashavanda va devalvatsiyai (kohishi arzishi) somoni.

Hadamoti auditi dokhili

  • musoidat namudan dar bobati takmili bahodhi va idorakunii khavfhoi pardokhtpaziri;

SHubai khazinadori va hisobbarobakuni

  • monitoringi khavfi pardokhtpaziri;
  • har hafta nazorat namudani khavfi pardokhtpaziri;
  • har khafta khabardor namudani Rohbariyati Bonk va khar moh khabordor namudani SHuroi noziron oid ba   mavqei   Bonk   nisbati khavfi     pardokhtpaziri;
  • peshnihodi tavsiyaho oid ba muqarrar kardani meyori foiz az rui qarzhoi    dodashavanda    va    pasandozhoi jalbshavanda;
  • monitoringi khavfi pardokhtpaziri dar zaminai nazorati majmui;
  • Har ruz muntazam tartib dodani jadvali voridshavii puli naqd va guzaronidani monitoringi mavqei gep az rui puli naqd baroi dah ruzi korii nazdiktarin;
  • har ruz, har hafta va har moh, muntazam nazorat kardani rioyai jadvali muhlati pardokhti doroiho va uhdadoriho mutobiqi tarikhi hisobbarobari va guzaronidani monitoringi   mavqei gep az rui  puli naqd;
  • nazorat kardani pardokhtpaziri bo nazardoshti hajmi ehtimolii pardokhti amaliyoti gayritavozunii Bonk;
  • nazorat kardani mavqei gep-i puli nakd ba vositai muqarrar kardani meyorho;
  • muntazam barrasi namudani meyorhoi mavqei gep-i puli naqd bo nazardoshti tagiyroti qobiliyati Bonk, baroi safarbarii   doroihoi   zudfurush;
  • tahlili ehtimolan kam shudani hajmi pasandozhoi shakhsoni huquqi va pasandozi shakhsoni voqei;
  • tahlili kamshavii pardokhtpaziri, tagiyr yoftani narkhi vositahoi moliyavi;

SHubai muhosibot va omor

  • muqoisa kardani pulhoi dar khazina buda bo jurnali intikolho, ki dar seyf (khazina) nigohdori meshavad;
  • Sanjishi holathoi beshomadi (kamomadi) puli naqdi dar khazina buda;
  • Na kam az yak marotiba dar se moh anjom dodani monitoringi idorakunii pul dar shirkathoi fari va nazorati majmuii idorakunii doroiho va uhdadorihoi Bonk va shirkathoi fari.

 

5.4. Havfhoi foizi, amaliyoti, etibori kori va komplaens

5.4.1.   Mafhumho

Havfi foizi – khavfi ba miyon omadani kharojot (zarar) dar natijai ba tavri nomusoid tagiyr yoftani meyori foizi, ki iborat ast az:

  • khavfi ba miyon omadani kharojot (zarar) binobar nomuvofiqatii muhlati bargardondan va pardokht kardani doroihoi joygirshuda va uhdadorihoi jalbshudai Bonk (hangomi betagiyr budani meyori foizi);
  • khavfi ba miyon omadani kharojot (zarar) bo sababi az tarafi Bonk istifoda shudani namudhoi gunoguni meyori foizii (meyori tagiyryobanda yo betagiyr) doroihoi Bonk az yak taraf va uhdadoriho az tarafi digar;

            Havfi amaliyoti – khavfi paydoishi zarar dar natijai muvofiqat nakardani   khususiyat   va   miqyosi   faoliyati   Bonk   ba   talaboti qonunguzori va tartibi guzaronidani amaliyoti Bonk va digar muomilot, kambudivu ishtibohoti sodirkardai kormandon dar rafti anjom dodani faoliyati dokhili, faoliyati nizom va tekhnologiyahoi ittilooti, inchunin khavfi zarar didan dar natijai tasiri ruydodhoi beruni;

            Havfi az dast dodani etibori kori – khavfi nufuzu etibor – khavfi ba miyon omadani kharojot (zarar didan) dar natijai manfi budani afkori jomea yo kam shudani bovari ba Bonk;

            Havfi muvofiqa (khavfi – komplaens) – khavfi ba vujud omadani kharojot (zarar) binobar az tarafi Tashkiloti qarzi rioya nagardidani talaboti qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston, az jumla talaboti sanadhoi meyorii huquqii Bonki millii Tojikiston, inchunin qoidavu rasmiyoti dokhilii Tashkiloti qarzi. Havfi muvofiqa (komplaens) – metavonad ba past shudani obru, kam shudani bovari, mahdud shudani imkoniyati peshburdi faoliyati tijorati ovarda rasonad;

5.4.2.   Mekhnizmi idorakuni va taqsimoti salohiyatu uhdadoriho

Kumitai idorakunii doroiho va uhdadorihoi Bonk:

 

  • Muayyan namudani qoidahoi umumi oidi muqarrar namudani meyorhoi foizi zakhirahoi jalbshavanda va qarzhoi peshnihodshavanda, marja az rui onho va nazorat az rui onho;
  • Muntazam tahlil namudani taminokii qarz, nazorati ijroishi nishondihandahoe, ki samaranokii istifodabarii qarzro tavsif menamoyad (gardishi qarzho, vazni qiyosii sarivaqt pardokhti qarzho va gayra.);
  • Tahlili sifat va sokhtori sanduqi pasandozi;
  • Andoza (sanjidani) va idora namudani khavfi foizi, korkardi usulhoi tahlili va nazorati khavfi foizi, tahlil va nazorati khavfi foizi;

Kumitai qarzii Bonk:

Rayosati Bonk

  • Tasdiqi majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhronii taalluqmand ba khavfhoi amaliyoti va tekhnologi.
  • Tasdiqi majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni dar qismati khavfhoi strategi va az dast dodani etibori kori.
  • Tasdiqi majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni az rui khavfhoi huquqi.
  • Muqarrar namudani tartibi tashkili sokhtori tashkiliyu   vazifavii idorakunii Bonk. Sokhtori     tashkiliyu     vazifavii     Bonk, az chumla inhoro ba tanzim medarorad:
  • vakolat va uhdadorihoi vohidi Bonk yo shakhsoni idorakunandai khavfho, ki baroi bahoi mustaqilona va tahlili khavfhoi asosii marbut ba amaliyothoi anjomdodai Bonk javobgar meboshand;
  • sokhtori maqomoti idorakunii Bonk, ki ba uhdadorihoi vazifavii onho muvofiq meboshad;
  • uhdadorihoi vazifavi va vakolathoi har yak kormandi rohbarikunandai Bonk;
  • tartibi bahodihii faoliyati kormandi rohbarikunandai Bonk (ba istisnoi Rayosati Bonk) dar davomi soli khisoboti, az jumla tatbiqi choraho yo ba javobgari kashidan baroi az tarafi Bonk ijro nagardidani nishondihandahoi maqsadnoki faoliyat;
  • Tahiya namudani bujethoi solona va naqshahoi strategi bo nazardoshti     fazoi jori va oyandai raqobatnokii   iqtisodi   va   zaminai meyorii huquqi va muayyan namudani andozai ilovagiyu zarurii sarmoyai Bonk va dastrasi ba manbahoi navi darozmuhlati mablagguzorii sarmoya ba Bonk;
  • Bahoguzori namudani khavfhoi ekhtimoli va imkonpazir vobasta ba amaliyothoe, ki Bonk meguzaronad va muayyan namudani qoidavu rasmiyoti tanzimshavandai idorakunii in khavfho;
  • Dar yakjoyagi bo SHuroi noziron muqarrar kardani tartibi tashkili zakhira   va   az hisob   barovardani doroihoi tasnifshuda;
  • Muayyan namudani meyori andozai joizi khavfho dar alokhidagi az rui navhoi amaliyoti Bonk dar qismi meyorhoi majmuii tasdiqnamudai SHuroi noziron va andeshidani chorahoi muassirii nazorati baroi az tarafi Bonk rioya   shudani   in   meyorho;
  • Hatman tahlil namudani dinamikai sarmoyai tanzimshavanda va khavfhoi ehtimoli vobasta ba naqshai khizmatrasonihoi navi Bonk;
  • Muayyan kardani meyori khavf baroi har yak vohidi Bonk, ki   amaliyoti moliyavi meguzaronad dar doirai mahdudiyathoi muqarrargardidai majmuii khavfho az jonibi SHuroi noziron;
  • Tasdiq namudani siyosati muqarrar kardani meyori foizi baroi    pasandozhoi jalbshavanda va qarzhoi dodashavanda. (Siyosati muqarrar kardani meyori foizi, az chumla   tartibi   muqarrar kardani meyorhoi foiziro niz ba tanzim medarorad.);
  • Muntazam tahlil namudani malumot dar borai   khavfhoe, ki shakhsoni   kholdingi   Bonk   buda   ba   on   duchor meshavand, hamchunin malumot dar borai khavfhoe, ki kholdingkhoi Bonk qabul mekunandu onho metavonand ba faoliyati Bonk tasir   rasonand;
  • Muntazam nazorat namudani rioya shudani munosibathoi          shartnomavi, sanadhoi meyorii khuquqii Bonki millii      Tojikiston, talaboti qonunguzorii Jumhurii Tojikiston va siyosati guzaronidani monitoringi dokhilii amaliyoti Bonk;
  • Behtar namudani nizomi hisobdorii Bonk dar asosi khulosahoi     Tashkiloti qarzii mustaqili baynalmillalii auditori;
  • Tasdiq namudani tartibi hej kardani khavfi foizi bo yorii vositahoi hosilavi   yo   digar   amaliyothoi   bozori;
  • Muqarrar namudani meyorhoi gep va andozai khavfi foizi bo
    nazardoshti mutobiqati sarmoyai tanzimshavandai az
    rui khavfho;
  • Tasdiq namudani tartib va masuliyati (javobgarii) vohidi tamini  ittilooti baroi nazorati  kalidhoi asosi, az  jumla    kalidhoi elektronii manbai (poygohi) ittilootii malumot;
  • Tasdiq namudani tartibi ijroi chorabinihoi nakshavi oid ba    tamini  hifzi (amniyati)  nizomi ittilootii poygohi malumot, az jumla oid ba holathoi favquloda;
  • Tasdiq namudani tartibi peshgirii ifshoi malumoti makhfi va tahrifi malumot;
  • Tasdiq namudani tartibi   peshgirii ikhtilolro (sboy) bo yorii bozrasii muntazami tajhizot va sanjishi hisoboti kor;
  • Tasdiq namudani tartibi  peshgirii istifodai beijozati terminalhoi idorakunii manbai (poygohi) avtomatishudai malumot. 

SHuroi Nozironi Bonk

  • Tasdiqi majmui chorabiniho va (yo in, ki) durnamoiho baroi holathoi buhroni dar mavridi muddati tuloni qaror doshtani faoliyati Bonk zeri tasiri khavfi muayyani Bonk;
  • Tahiya kardani strategiyai darozmuhlati korporativi;
  • Muqarrar namudani Siyosati idorakunii faoliyati Bonk, ki talaboti on samaranokii idorakunii korporativiro tamin mekunad;
  • Tasdiq namudani siyosati tanzimi barkhurdi manfiatho dar Bonk;
  • Guzaronidani monitoringi faoliyati Bonk ba vositai kumitahoe, ki dar nazdi SHuroi noziron tasis doda shudaand;
  • Davra ba davra malumoti zaruriero, ki baroi nazorati holati moliyavi, tahlil va bahodikhii faoliyati Bonkro dar davrai khisoboti imkon medikhad, ba dast meorad;
  • Har moh hisobothoi zerinro tahlil mekunad:
  • tavozuni jambasti va hisobot dar borai foida va ziyoni Bonk dar mukoisa bo hamin davrai soli guzashta va nishondihandahoi naqshavii faoliyat;
  • hisobot dar borai sarmoyaguzoriho;
  • Har se moh hisobothoi zerinro tahlil mekunad:
  • tahlili mukhtasari    mavqei   Bonk az rui khavfi foizi;
  • nazorat burdan az boloi ijro nashudani chorahoi tasirrasoni va digar talabothoi Bonki millii Tojikiston, az jumla naqshai chorabiniho oid ba bartaraf kardani kambudihoi faoliyati Bonk va oshkor namudani sababhoi on;
  • Har sol barkhurdi ehtimolii manfiathoro dar uhdadorhoi vazifavii  kormandoni rohbarikunandai Bonkro takhlil menamoyad (dar zaminai tahlili hisobothoi  solona oid  ba uhdadorihoi vazifavii kormandoni rohbarikunandai Bonk);

             HADAMOTI IDORAKUNII HAVFHO 

  • Tahlil va nazorati khavfi foizi az nigohi  tagiyryobii hajm hamchun daromadhoi (kharojoti) davra ba davra takrorshavanda.

 HADAMOTI AUDITI DOHILI

  • Musoidat namudan dar bobati takmili bahodikhii khavfho, idorakunii khavfho va nazorati dokhili tavsiyaho doda, ba amali gardidani khadafhoi muayyan;
  • Bahoguzori namudani imkoniyati paydoishi khavfhoi alohidai Bonk vobasta ba rioya shudani sanadhoi meyorii huquqie, ki faoliyati Bonkiro   hangomi jori kardani namudhoi navi khizmatho tanzim mekunad.

SHUBAI HAZINADORI VA HISOBBAROBAKUNI

  • Har hafta nazorat namudani, khavfi foizi az rui amaliyoti tavozuni va gayritavozuny;
  • Peshnihodi tavsiyaho oid ba muqarrar kardani meyori foiz az rui qarzhoi    dodashavanda    va    pasandozhoi jalbshavanda;
  • Har khafta khabardor namudani Rohbariyati Bonk va khar moh khabordor namudani SHuroi noziron oid ba khavfi foizi;
  • Muntazam na kam az yak bor dar se moh muayyan namudani sathi meyorhoi foizi az rui muhlati pardokht;
  • Guzaronidani monitoringi khavfi   foizi, manbahoi   asosii    khavfho (farqiyat dar muhlati pardokht, meyorhoi bozori sarmoyai qarzi, opsionhoi dokhili);
  • Tahlili baland bardoshtani meyori foiz va kam kardani muhlati pardokhti qarzhoi giriftai Bonk va digar qarzhoi beruni;
  • CHorajui jihati peshgirii qonunigardonii (rasmikunonii) daromadhoi bo rohi gayrikrnuni ba dastomada va mablagguzorii terrorizm;
  • Anjomdihii monitoringi komplaens -khavf va dar shakli hisobot peshnihod namudani natijahoi monitoring mutobiqi rasmiyoti dokhilii idorakunii komplaens-khavf;
  • Ba kormandon omuzonidani problemahoi paydoishi komplaens-khavf, zarurati khamkori dar halli problemahoe, ki ba paydoishi komplaens- khavf aloqamand ast;
  • Az rui natijahoi sanjish ba rohbariyat va vohidhoi dakhldori Bonk, peshnihod namudani khulosaho baroi andeshidani choraho oid ba rafi kambudiho, inchunin baroi maqsadhoi tahlili faoliyati kormandoni alohidai Bonk.

Salohiyati Mudiriyati rushdi mahsuloti bonki va shubai qarzdihi

  • Nazorati dujonibai amaliyothoi Bonk va hisobdorii onho;

Salohiyati SHubai tekhnalogiyahoi ittilooti

  • Tanzimi tartibi tekhnikii guzaronidani amaliyoti Bonk;
  • Tanzimi hisobdorii amaliyothoi Bonk;
  • Nazorati nizomi korkardi elektronii malumotho;
  • Barqaror namudani nizomi sanjishi sathi ijozat hangomi daromadan va baromadan az nizomi   khudkori (avtomatishudai) Bonk;
  • Tamini barnomavii sertifikatdore, ki istehsolkunandai on, khizmatrasonii tekhnikii minbadai tajhizotro tamin kunad;
  • Tashkil namudani binoi alohida    baroi    vasoiti    tekhniki manbai (poygohi) ittilootii malumot, ki ba talaboti amniyati ziddisukhtor va tobovari ba zaminlarza javobgu boshad;
  • Tashkili manbai mustaqili barqdihi;
  • Tashkili kompyuterhooi ehtiyoti va kommunikatsiyai shabakavi;
  • Muntazam tahiya kardani nuskhahoi ehtiyotii faylhoi muhimi barnomavi va faylhoi malumotho;
  • Pur kardani varaqahoi hisobdorii nuqsonhoi tekhniki va dodani hisobot az rui onho;
  • Nazorat kardani sababhoi paydoishi nuqsonho, khabardor kardan dar borai onho ba istekhsolkunandai nizomi ittilooti va andeshidani chorahoi islohi baroi peshgirii takror nashudani onho;
  • muntazam jamovari va hisobdorii malumot oid ba zarari   voqei dar natijai paydoishi mushkiloti sistema rasida va chorajui namudan baroi peshgirii takror nashudani on;
  • na kam az yak bor dar se moh guzaronidani sanjishi vasoiti tekhnikiero, ki faoliyati manbai (poygohi) avtomatishudai     malumotro tamin mekunad;
  • dar se moh yak marotiba peshnihod namudani malumot ba Rohbariyati Bonk dar   khususi holati vasoiti   tekhniki;
  • monitoring va muayyan kardani istifodabarandagoni terminalhoi idorakunii manbai (poygohi) avtomatishudai malumot, az jumla nazorati namud va hajmi amaliyothoi guzaronidai onhoro baroi mutobiqat ba uhdadorihoi vazifavii istifodabaranda.

Salohiyati SHubai huquq va kormandon

  • nazorat namudani ijroi qonunguzorii Jumkhurii Tojikiston, mutobiqat kardani faoliyati   Bonk va faoliyati kormandon dar bozori moliyavi;
  • az rui darkhostho dodani maslihatu mashvarat dar borai mutobiqat kardani amaliyoti (qarordodi) mushakhkhas yo qismi on ba talaboti qonunguzorii Jumkhurii Tojikiston. 

BOBI 6. MAJMUI CHORABINIHO BAROI HOLATHOI BUHRONI – STRESS – SANJISH

6.1. Maqsad, vazifaho va prinsiphoi asosi

Bo maqsadi idorakunii khavfhoi muayyani Bonk dar mavridhoi gayrimuqarrari, majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni korkard va amali karda meshavand.

Az rui hamai namudhoi khavfhoi moliyavi dar holathoi gayrimuqarrari hatman majmui chorabiniho korkarda, baromada meshavad.

Maqsadi asosii korkard va amalikunonii majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni in pesh az hama:

  • roh nadodan ba badshavii jiddii vazi namudi alohidai amaliyoti (samti faoliyat) Bonk va/yo in, ki ba nishondihandahoi nomatlub rasidani khavfhoi dakhldor;
  • Mahdud sokhtani istifodabarii tartibothoi gayrimuqarrarii idorakunii khavfhoi alohidai Bonk dar hududi vaqt;
  • Peshgiri namudani ba vuqu payvastshavii holathoi buhronii shabehiyat doshta dar oyanda;
  • Bargardonidani namudi alohidai amaliyot (samti faoliyat) va/yo in, ki khavfhoi alohidai Bonk ba holate, ki dar on idorakunii amaliyoti mazkur va/yo in, ki khavfi alohida tanho bo istifodabarii tartibothoi standarti amali karda meshavad;

Prinsipi asosi

Prinsipi asosii korkard va khususan piyodagardonii majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni az rui hamai namudhoi khavfho in imkonnopazirii guzaronidani har guna amaliyotho (qarordodho), ijro namudani amalhoi muayyane, ki holati avvalaro badtar menamoyad: har guna amaliyot (qarordod), amalhoe, ki dar doirai majmui chorabinihoi tasdiqshuda ijro meshavand, boyad (az nuqtai nazari holat va andozai khavfi alohidai Bonk) az peshina «badtar»  naboshand va boyad baroi barovardani Bonk az holati buhronii «khayoli» ravona karda shavand.

Majmui chorabiniho

Majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni boyad doroi nomgui daqiqi tartibot oidi bartaraf namudani holathoi nomburda bo mufassalii fishangho va nishon dodani imkoniyat va navbati istifodabari boshand, inchunin maqomi idorakuni holat darj gardida, ba tavri hatmi davriyati guzaronidani nazorati lozimai ijroi tartiboti dakhldori majmui chorabinihoi mazkur sabt megardand. Az rui khavfhoi muayyani gayrimoliyavi tashkil namudani guruhi korii makhsus (mutakhassisoni in yo on jabha az jumlai kormandoi Bonk) baroi korkard va piyoda gardonidani majmui chorabiniho dar holathoi buhroni, maqsadnok meboshad.

Dar ravandi istifodabarii tartiboti majmui chorabiniho baroi holathoi buhroni hamai salohiyathoi shakhsoni masul va maqomothoi dastajamonai Bonk, ki az rui mavqei khud pasttar az maqome, ki majmui chorabinihoi mazkurro tasdiq namudaast, voqe meboshad, to qarori makhsusi in maqom yo in, ki nisbati on bolotar istoda, mavquf guzoshta meshavand.

Maqomi dastajamona                          

Maqomi dastajamonai boloistoda (shakhsi masul) nisbati maqome, ki majmui chorabinihoro baroi holathoi buhroni tasdiq namudaast, huquqi qabul namudani qarore, ki bar khilofi majmui chorabiniho va yo/in, ki tartiboti aniqi on meboshad, dorost. Dar in holat oqibati chunin qaror meboyad zeri nazorati ilovagii tajili qaror girad.

6.2. Istifodabarii stress-sanjish.

Vazifai asosii istifodabarii stress-sanjish az muqarrar namudani majmui chorabiniho baroi jubroni talafothoi ehtimolii nihoyat ziyodi Bonk dar holathoi favqulloda va korkardi chorahoi lozima baroi kam namudani khavfhoi muayyan va/yo in, ki past namudani tasiri nomatlubi in khavfho iborat ast.

Prinsiphoi asosii istifodabarii stress-sanjish iborat ast az: muntazam istifoda burdan, dida baromadani kulli ravishhoi voqeahoi imkonpazire, ki metavonand ba vazi kununii Bonk tasiri manfi rasonand.

Nomgui ravishi voqeahoi stress-sanjish dar hujjathoi dokhilai Bonk inikos meyoband. Dar bayni in ravishi voqeaho boyad holati taalluq ba yake az khavfhoi dar hujjati mazkur nom giriftashuda arzi vujud doshta boshad.

Davriyati stress – sanjish, chun qoida na boyad kamtar az yak marotiba dar yak sol guzaronida shavad.

Dar asosi natijahoi stress-sanjish majmui chorabiniho oidi past namudani khavfi muayyani Bonk korkarda baromada meshavad.

Natijahoi stress-sanjish ba ittiloi Rais va muovinoni Bonk na kamtar az yak marotiba dar yak sol rasonida meshavad.

Guzaronidani stress-sanjishi dar joyho va korkardi majmui chorabiniho oidi past namudani khavfi muayyani Bonk dar asosi natijahoi stress-sanjish bar dushi idorakunandagoni khavfho voguzor shudaast.    

Инчунин кобед

afandi

LATIFAHO

TUYONA OYAD… SHakhse ba dustash uzr ovard:j – Bubakhsh, man ba tuyat rafta nametavonam. Vay …