BALANIT (Balaninis), gazaki pusti sari oloti tanosuli mardon. B. odatan bo iltihobi bargaki dokhilii galafa hamroh meshavad. Dar chunin mavridho onro balanopastit menomand. B. dar surati tang budani galafa (fimoz) va gun shudani qatrahoi peshobu smegma (shirai gilofaki nara) paydo shuda, aksaran ba uretrit, diabeti qand va dig. bemoriho yakjoya …

BANGI DEVONA (Datura stramonium), ajinakhorak, totura, shonai ajina, javzi masil, giyohest yaksola. To 1,5 m qad mekashad. Poyai rosti sershokh, bargi darozruyai parrador, guli qifshakli safed, guzai bayzashakli sershokh, tukhmi gurdashakli siyoh dorad. Az apr. to okhiri tiramoh gulu meva mekunad. B. d. giyohi baso zahrnok va badbuy buda, hamchun …

BAKULEV Aleksandr Nikolaevich (7. 12. 1890, Nevenikovskayai vil. Saratov – 31. 3. 1967, Moskva), jarroh, akad. AF IJSHS (1958), azoi haqiqi (1948) va prezidenti AIT IJSHS (1953 – 60), Qahramoni Mehnati Sotsialisti (1960). Fak-ti tibbii Donishgohi Saratovro khatm karda (1915), az s. 1919 dar klinikai jarrohii hamin donishgoh ordinator shuda …

BANAN (Musa paradisiaca, M. sapientum), pizang, rastaniest bisyorsola. Poyai kutoh va barghoi nihoyat kalon dorad. Mevaash darozruya (daroziash 15 sm, qutrash 3 – 5 sm), magzash ordshakl, betukhm, tamash shirin. Dar yak band («khusha») to 300 adad meva hosil mekunad (vazni umumii onho 50 – 60 kg ast). Badi samar …

BAKTERIYAHO (Bacteria; az yun. bakterion – chubcha), mikroorganizmhoi asosan yakhujayra, ki dar tabiat nihoyat farovonand. B.-ro bori avval dar a. 17 olimi gollandi A. Levenguk oshkor kard. Omuzishi daqiqi khususiyathoi biologii B. bo nomi olimi fransavi L. Paster, mikrobiologi nemis R. Kokh va olimi anglis D. Lister marbut ast. B. …

BALUM (Pharynx, fauces), halqum, uzve, ki javfi biniro ba hanjara va javfi dahonro bo surkhruda mepayvandad. B. az se qism iborat ast: qismi boloi yo halqudimog (tavassuti du surokhii tukhmshakl – khoana ba javfi bini roh dorad); qismi mobayni yo dahoni (ba javfi dahon hamshafat buda, az bolo bo komi …

BAKTERIOFAG (Bacteriophagus; az bakteriyaho va yun. phagos – khuranda), viruse, ki ba hujayrai bakteriya guzashta, dar on meafzoyad va oqibat hujayraro hal (lizis) mekunad. Hodisai hal shudani bakteriyahoro, ki zeri tasiri omili siroyat ba vujud meoyad, bori avval mikrobiologi rus N.F. Gamaleya mushohida karda bud (1898). S. 1915 dukhturi anglis …

BALANTIDIAZ (Balantidiasis; balantidiosis), yak nav bemorie, ki protozoyho (soddatarinho) meangezand. Hangomi on dar rudai gafs zakhm paydo shuda, ishol, dardi shikam va tablarza ba vujud meoyad. B. asosan dar nohiyahoi khukparvari pahn gashtaast. Angezandai bemori balantidiyaho (Balantidium coli) buda, onho dar rudai gafsi khuk, bazan sag va odam zindagi mekunand. …

BAND (Articulatio), mafsil, payvandi mutaharriki bayni ustukhonho yo tagoyakro guyand, ki bayni onho rog (diartrozho) mavjud ast. B. yak tarzi payvast shudani ustukhonhost. Payvandi beharakati ustukhonhoro vasla (sinartroz) menomand. B. hamzamon vazifai takya va harakatro niz ijro mekunad. B. az intiho (sathi ustukhon), khalta va javf iborat ast. Dar beshtarin …

BALHARCHA (Juniperus turkestanica), zardoluburs, khorburs, burs, darakhtest hameshasabz. Az 18 to 25 m qad mekashad. Bazan misli butta (balandiash to 2 m) meshavad. Bargash pulakchashakl, shokhchahoyash chorqirra, jalguzaash siyohi bayzashakl, yak dona tukhm dorad. Dar nishebii q.-kuhhoi Qurama, Turkiston, Zarafshon, Qarotegin (dar balandii 2000 – 3700 m az s.b.) meruyad. …