BALUM

BALUM (Pharynx, fauces), halqum, uzve, ki javfi biniro ba hanjara va javfi dahonro bo surkhruda mepayvandad. B. az se qism iborat ast: qismi boloi yo halqudimog (tavassuti du surokhii tukhmshakl – khoana ba javfi bini roh dorad); qismi mobayni yo dahoni (ba javfi dahon hamshafat buda, az bolo bo komi narm, az poyon bo reshai zabon va az pahlu bo kamonchahoi peshu aqibi kom, ki bayni onho bodomakhoi kom joygirand, hamhudud meboshad); qismi poyoni yo qismi hanjaragi (ba surkhruda va hanjara kushoda meshavad).
Dar B. rohhoi nafas va hozima yakdigarro burida meguzarand. Sarfi nazar az aloqai ozod in jo bayni noyi hozima va noyi nafas khurok ba hanjara vorid nameshavad. YAne dar lahzai furu dodani luqma komi narm andake bolo shuda, halqudimogro az dahonu halq komilan judo mesozad, hamzamon sarpushaki gulu surokhi hanjararo rust mekunad. Dar devorahoi pahluii halqudimog surokhii shaypuri Evstakhiy (shunavoi) joygir ast, ki onro bo gushi miyona mepayvandad: tavassuti on tahviyai gushi miyona ba amal barovarda shuda, pardai gushro barobar tazyiq medihad. Binobar in hangomi parvoz bo samolyot dar surati «mahkam» shudani gush qult zadan onro boz mekunad. Devorai B. bo luobparda faro girifta shudaast, ki doroi gadudhoi luob va raghoi khun meboshad (ba tufayli onho havoi az halqudimog guzaronida nam, garm va toza meshavad). Mushakhoi zeri luobparda kashish khurda, B.-i qismi miyona va poyoniro tazyiq medihand va dar natija khurok ba surkhruda mefaroyad; in mushakho hangomi ba B. aftodani jismhoi begona reaksiyai muhofiziro niz tamin mekunand. Javfi B. dar barobari javfi bini va javfhoi ilovagii bini rezonatori ovoz ast, ki ba tufayli on sado baland shuda, ohangi khos megirad.
Ikhtiloli kori B. bar asari bemorihoi gunogun (mas., guludard, adenoidho, khunoq, faringit, omos va g.) bo nishonahoi dushvorii nafaskashi va furubari, inchunin illati ovoz (nig. Manqagi) zohir meshavad. Baroi B. jismhoi begona, zakhmdori, bo kislotayu ishqorho sukhtan khele khavfnok ast; onho metavonand ba hayoti odam tahdid kunand, az in lihoz dar asnoi ruy dodani chunin holat favran moshini yorii tajiliro davat kardan zarur ast. Nig. niz Zahroludi.
KL
Javfi balum (namud az pusht; devorai qafoi balum chok karda shudaast): 1 – ravoqi balum; 2 – tavorai bini; 3 – khoanaho; 4 – lulai shaypur; 5 – mushaki darafshiyu balumi; 6 – devorai pahlui balum; 7 – sathi boloii komi narm; 8 – zabonchai kom; 9 – kamonchai komu balum; 10 – bekhi zabon; 11 – sarpushaki gulu; 12 – chini boloi halqum; 13 – surokhi balum; 14 – chuqurchai nokmonand; 15 – gadudi siparshakl; 16 – surkhruda.
Ad.: Abdurahmonov F.A., Anatomiyai odam, j. 1 – 2, D., 1995 – 2009; Hamon muallif, Kratkiy atlas anatomii cheloveka, D., 2000.
F.A. Abdurahmonov.