Biologiya

Avvalho bakteriya va zanburughoro ba olami nabotot dokhil karda budand. Vale khususiyathoi farqkunandai in guruhi organizmho (sokht, shakl va jabhahoi faoliyati hayotiashon)-ro ba nazar girifta, aknun onhoro hamchun olami mustaqili organizmhoi zinda meomuzand. Bakteriyaho organizmhoi khurdi mikroskopii yakhujayragi meboshand. Dar bakteriyaho resha, poya, barg va digar uzvho dida nameshavand. Onhoro …

Rastanihoi poleziro aksari sokinoni shahru dehotamon na tanho khub meshinosand, balki shahdu lazzati mevahoi onhoro borho chashidaand. Rastanihoi polizi, az qabili kharbuza, tarbuz va kadu mevai serobu sershira doshta, onhoro istembl mekunand va baze navhoyashonro ba sifati khuroki chorvo istifoda mebarand. Hamai rastanihoi polizi mansubi tanho yak oila – oilai …

Pakhta yake az muhimtarin va qadimtarin rastanii nakhdoru ravgandihandai tekhniki ba hisob meravad. Vay ba oilai tugmachagulho mansub ast. Dar Hinduston 3 hazor sol pesh az milod pakhtaro kisht karda, az on mato meboftaid. Dar Misr ba kishti pakhta dar asrhoi 1 to milod, dar Hitoy boshad, asrhoi 9-7 sar …

Kartoshka ziroati muhimi khuroki, tekhniki va khuroki chorvost Kartoshka yake az mavodi asosii khuroki inson ba hisob meravad. Behuda nest, ki mardum kartoshkaro “noni duyum” menomand. Muqarrar karda shudaast, ki az kartoshka ziyoda az 200 khel taom tayyor kardan mumkin ast. Inchunin dar sanoat az kartoshka ohar, kauchuk, kogaz, rang, …

Juvorimakka rastanii yaksola, az oilai khushadorho meboshad. Vatani juvorimakka Amerikai Markazi buda, onro sayyohon ba Avrupo ovardand, ki badtar ba digar mamlakathoi qitai Osiyo pahn gardidaast. Juvorimakka rastanii rushnoiparvard va garmidust meboshad. Poya, barg va khushaguli nagz inkishofyofta dorad. Hushaguli chorubshaklash dar nugi poya joygir ast. Dar on jo tanho …

Rastanihoi mazrui asosan az rastanihoi khudruy paydo shudaand. In rohi duru darozi inkishofi rastaniho meboshad, ki bo dakholatu faoliyati hayotii insoni sohibkhirad zich aloqamandi dorad. Dar davrahoi qadimi dur avvalin odamon talaboti ba khurok (gizo) doshtai khudro ba tufayli shikori hayvonothoi gunogun qone megardonidand. Dar barobari shikori hayvonot, odamon, inchunin, …

Gandum  ne in ziroati galladonagii bisyor qadima buda, qarib dar hamai mamlakathoi dunyo parvarish karda meshavad. Dar Misr, Iroq, Eron, Turkiyo 6 hazor sol pesh az milod gandum malum bud. Kishti gandum dar Osiyoi Markazi niz tarikhi qadima doshta, dar Bokhtar dar asri 4 pesh az milod ogoz shudaast. Sayyohi …

Ba in oila avlodi vasepahnshudai piyoz dokhil meshavad, ki qarib 500 namudro darbar megirad. Piyoz dar dashtu nimbiyobonho, domanakuhho va miyonakuhho pahn shudaast. Namudhoi gunoguni piyoz dar nishebihoi sersangu regi, dar teppaho, dashtu margzorho, zeri darakhtu buttaho az balandii 450 m to balandii 4500 m az sathi bahr vomekhurand. Alomati …

Dar bayii oilahoi ba sinfi rastanihoi yakpalla mansubbuda, khushadorho kalontarin oila ba hisob rafta, taqriban 8000 namudro darbar megirand. Namoyandagoni oilai khushadorho dar tamomi arzu marzi kurai Zamin, khususan, dar dashtu margzorho, domanakuhu balandkuhho vase pahn shudaand. Aksari namudhoi dar mamlakati mo mavjudbudai in oila giyohhoi alafii yaksola va bisyorsolaand. …

Muhofizati rastanihoi guldori nodir va nestshudaistoda, ki ba “Kitobi Surkhi Tojikiston” dokhil karda shudaand Olami nabotot manbai hayot dar rui Zamin ast. Dar haqiqat, mavjudiyati inson, hayvonot va organizmhoi nihoyat khurdandoza (mikroorganizmho)-ro be nabotot tasavvur kardan gayriimkon ast. Dar ravandi fotosintez, ki faqat khosi rastanihoi sabz meboshad, az yak taraf, …