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Biologiya

Vitamini V15

b15

Vitamin V15 – (pangamati kalsiy) tabiati khimiyavi va tarzi tasiri on purra omukhta nashudaast. Onro baroi muolijai bemorii ateroskleroz, ikhtiloli gardishi khun, gepatitho vase istifoda mebarand.

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Anabolizm chist?

anabolizm

Majmui reaksiyahoi sintezi biologi mubodilai plastiki yo anabolizm (az yunoni anabole – avj) nomida meshavad. Nomi in namudi mubodila mohiyati onro inikos menamoyad: az moddahoi sodda, ki az berun ba hujayra dokhil meshavand, moddahoi monand ba moddahoi hujayra ba vujud meoyand, yane assimilyatsiya meguzarad. Hamai ravandhoi mubodilai moddaho dar hujayra …

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Amali gardidani akhbori irsi–sintezi biologii safedaho

CHi tavre qayd kardem, hamai gunogunii khosiyati molekulahoi safedagi dar nihoyati kor bo strukturai yakumini onho, yane bo paydarhamii aminokislotaho muayyan megardad. Baroi sintez shudani safeda, akhbor oid ba paydarhamii (payiham joygirshavii) aminokislotaho dar strukturai yakumini on boyad ba ribosoma rasonda shavad. In ravand du davra yo khud du marhilaro …

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Transkripsiya chist?

4-1

Transkripsiya (az lotini transcriptio – runavis kardan). Akhbor bo rohi dar yake az silsilahoi molekulai KDN sintez shudani molekulai yaksilsilai KRN ba vujud meoyad, ki paydarhamii nukleotidhoi on ba paydarhamii nukleo- tidhoi matritsa (modari) – zanjiri polinukleotidii KDN muvofiqat mekunad. Mekhanizmi makhsusi «donistani» nuq\tai ibtidoii sintezi safeda, intikhobi zanjiri KDN, …

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Translyatsiya – Davrai digari sintezi biologi

4-3

Translyatsiya (az lotini translatio – dodan). Davrai digari sintezi biologi – guzaronidani akhbore, ki dar paydarhamii nukleotidho (paydarhamii kodonho)-i molekulai KRN-a joy dorad, dar paydarhamii aminokislotahoi zanj-iri polipeptidi meboshad. Dar prokariotho (bakteriyaho), ki yadroi tashakkulyofta nadorand, ribosomaho ba molekulai az nav sintezshudai KRN-a zud badi judoshavii on az KDN, yo …

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Kodi genetiki

kodi-geneteki

Miqdori ziyodi aminokislotaho, ki tavassuti evolyutsiya intikhob shudaand, bo kislotahoi nukleinat sintez gardida, bo yak paydarhamii muayyan dar safedaho joygir meshavand. Dar zanjiri polipeptidi ba har yak aminokislota kombinatsiyai iborat az se nukleotid – triplet rost meoyad. Masalan, ba aminokislotai sistein tripleti ASA, ba valin – SAA, ba lizin – …

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MUBODILAI MODDDAHO –ASOSI HASTII ORGANIZMHOI ZINDA

Dar hujayra mutassil ravandhoi sintezi biologi meguzarand. Bo yorii fermentho az moddahoi soddai khurdmolekula payvastagihoi murakkabi kalonmolekula sintez meshavand: az aminokislotaho safeda, az monosakharidho angishtobhoi murakkab, az asoshoi nitrogeni va qandho nukleotidho, az onho kislotahoi nukleini. Majmui reaksiyahoi sintezi biologi mubodilai plastiki yo assimilyatsiya nomida meshavad. Ravandhoi muqobili sintez dissimilyatsiya …

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POLIMERHOI BIOLOGI – KISLOTAHOI NUKLEINAT

3-6-biolo

Ahamiyati kislotahoi nukleinat dar hujayrahoi organizm nihoyat kalon ast. Hususiyati sokhti khimiyavii onho imkoniyati nigahdori, guzaronidan va intiqoli irsiyatro tamin menamoyad. Azbaski sababi aksariyati khosiyatho va alomatho dar organizmi zinda safedaho meboshand, binobar in fahmost, ki ustuvorii kislotahoi nukleinat – sharti muhimtarini mutadili faoliyati hayotii hujayra va tamomi organizm ba …

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Funksiyai duyumi KDN

3-9

Funksiyai duyumi KDN – az nasl ba nasl dodani (guzaro-nidani) akhbori irsi meboshad. Funksiyai mazkur ba tufay-li reduplikasiyai molekulahoi modari va minbad joygir-shavii molekulahoi dukhtari bayni hujayrahoi nasli amali megardad (nigared ba bobi 5). Funksiyai nihoii KDN az on iborat ast, ki vay ba sifati matritsa dar jarayoni intiqoli akhbori …

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MOLEKULAHOI ORGANIKI –CHARBHO VA LIPOIDHO

se-kislotai-ravgani

CHarbho (lipidho) payvastagihoi kislotahoi kalonmolekulai ravgani va spirti seatomai glitserin meboshand. CHarbho dar ob hal nameshavand, onho gidrofob (az yunoni hydro -ob va phobos-tars) meboshand. Dar hujayraho hamesha moddahoi digari murakkabi bo nom lipoidho niz vujud dorand. Mavjudiyati charbho dar hujayra nisbat ba massai moddai khushk to haddi 5-15% merasad. …

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