Ziroathoi polizii Tojikiston

Rastanihoi poleziro aksari sokinoni shahru dehotamon na tanho khub meshinosand, balki shahdu lazzati mevahoi onhoro borho chashidaand. Rastanihoi polizi, az qabili kharbuza, tarbuz va kadu mevai serobu sershira doshta, onhoro istembl mekunand va baze navhoyashonro ba sifati khuroki chorvo istifoda mebarand. Hamai rastanihoi polizi mansubi tanho yak oila – oilai kadugulhoyand.

Tukhmi rastanihoi polizi az ravgan boy buda, ravgani onhoro dar sohai tekhnika va yo baroi istemol istifoda mebarand. Ravgani khushbuy sifati istemoliro az tukhmi kadu hosil mekunand. Inchunin, az mevai kadu taomhoi bolazzat pukhta, az baze navhoyash konserva tayyor mekunand.

Tarbuzro boshad, hamchun vositai khubi peshobron va inchunin hangomi kamkhuni va dar zahra (talkha) – donu rohi peshob paydo shudani sang istemol mekunand.

Hamai rastaiihoi polizii kishta rastanihoi yaksolaand. Reshai rastanihoi polizi ba khok chuqur dokhil meshavad. Masalan, reshai kharbuza 1-3 m, kadu va tarbuz to 4-5 m ba khok chuqur resha meronand.

Poya va navdahoi ziroathoi polizi girda yo qirrador buda, bo muyakchaho pushida meboshand. Navdahoi pahluii rastanihoi polizi khele shokhronda buda, dar baze holatho az poyai asosi daroztarand. Masalan, in kheli navdaho dar kharbuza 2-3 m, tarbuz 4-5 m va kadu to 10 m darozi dorand. Lalichahoi (pahnaki) bargashon dumchai daroz dorad. Bargho kaloni yaklukht, panjashakl (dar kharbuzayu kadu) va yo 3-5-parra (dar tarbuz) buda, bo muyakchahoi sershumor pushida shudaand. Gulhoyashon dar bunbagalai bargho joygirand. Gulhoyashon judojinsa yo dujinsa meboshand. Mevai rastanihoi polizi kulula, tukhmshakl, darozruya, nokshakl buda, rangashon sabz, gulobi, dorchini, zard, sabzi siyohtob, naqshin yo benaqsh meboshad:

Ziroathoi poliziro khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona, makhsusan tojikon az zamonhoi qadim injonib parvarish mekunand. Sonitar parvarishi rastanihoi polizi ba Eronu Turkiyo va az in mamlakatho ba nohiyahoi janubii Avrupo vase pahn shud. Holo rastanihoi poliziro dar hamai nohiyahoi Tojikiston parvarish mekunand.

Aksari rastanihoi polizi garmiparvar buda, ruzhoi garmi oftobiro mepisandand. CHunonchi, tukhmi kadu dar harorati 13-14°S va kharbuza dar 15-17°S garmy ba sabzidan shuru mekunand. SHaroiti az hama behtarin baroi sabzishi ziroathoi polizi in baland shudani harorat to 33-35°S meboshad. Onho inchunin, ba rav- shani niz talaboti kalon dorand. Zero ravshanii davomnoku garmii nisbatan ziyod boisi dar mevai onho afzudani mikdori qand megardad. Dar bayni rastanihoi polizi az hama ziyodtar kharbuza va bad tarbuz rastanihoi garmiparvar va ravshanidust ba hisob meravand. Kadu nisbat ba inho ba garmi va ravshany ehtiyojotash kamtar ast.

Ziroathoi polizi dar zaminhoi soliyoni daroz bekorkhobida, nav koram, gurushakhoki hosilkhez bisyor khub nashunamo mekunand. Onho khususan, ba khoki narmu muloim talaboti kalon dorand.

Rastanihoi polizi ba monandi digar rastanihoi kishta ba ni- gohubini khub ehtiyoj dorand. Nigohubini kishtzori in ziroatho az sari vaqt obmoni, nest kardani alafhoi begona, yagonakuni, narmu khokgardon kardani bekhi niholho va andokhtani moddahoi gizoi iborat ast. Niholhoro badi 3-4-barga shudanashon yagona mekunand. Odatan niholhoi boquvvatro guzoshta, niholhoi nim- jonu zaifro kanda mepartoyand. Niholhoi zaifro bo reshaashon kandan mumkin nest, zero ba reshai niholhoi atrofash oseb mera- sad.

Dar davrai sabzishi rastanihoi polizi bayni qatorhoro 2-3 ma rotiba narm mekunand. In kor dasty yo bo kultivatorho guzaroni da meshavad. Badi har marotibai narm kardan bekhi niholhoro khokchosh e khokgardon mekunand.

Dar davomi nashunamoyashon, vobasta ba darajai namnokii khok, ba rastanihoi polizi az 5 to 9 marotiba ob medihand.

Bo nishondodi mutakhassison ba kishtzori rastanihoi polizi nurihoi madanii nitrogendor, kaliydor va fosfordor (az rui miqdori muqarrarkardashuda) andokhta meshavad.

Bo sababhoi dar yak vaqt napukhtani (narasidani) hosili tarbuzu kharbuza onro dar du yo se davra megundorand. Hosili kaduro boshad, metavon yakbora gun kard.

Tarbuzu kharbuzaro na tanho dar zaminhoi obyorishavanda, inchunin dar zaminkhoi lalmii nohiyahoi (domanakuhhoi) vodii Hisor va digar mintaqaho bomuvaffaqiyat kishtukor mekunand. Ba in maqsad zaminhoi navkoramro istifoda mebarand. Koshtani tukhmi rastanihoi poliziro dar zaminhoi lalmi okhirhoi mohi may yo avvalhoi mohi iyun anjom medihand. Tukhmiro 2-3 yo 5 shabonaruz pesh az kisht dar muhiti nam nigoh medorand.

1. Rastanihoi polizi ba kadom oila taalluq dorand?
2. Odamon charo rastanihoi poliziro parvarish mekunand?
3. Kadom rastanihoi poliziro medoned?
4. Alomathoi makhsusi rastanihoi poliziro nombar kuned?
5. Baroi nashunamoi khubi ziroathoi polizi guzarondani kadom chorabiniho nihoyat muhimand?