Ilm

ANKILOZ (az yun. ankylos – kaj), beharakatii bandu bugumho dar natijai ba hamdigar vasl shudani onho. Du namudi A. mavjud ast: fibrozi (bandu bugumho dar natijai dar bayni onho sabzidani boftai fibrozi nojunbon meshavand) va ustukhoni (tagoyaki bugumho qisman yo purra vayron shudaand va dar sathi uryonshudai onho boftai ustukhoni …

ANOREKSIYA (Anorexia; az an – hissachai inkori va orexis – ishtiho), nabudani ishtiho (dar holati vujud doshtani talaboti fiziologi ba on). A. dar natijai ikhtiloli faoliyati markazi tagziya ba vujud meoyad. Sababi A. bemorihoi ruhi, ikhtiloli faoliyati gadudhoi dokhili, zahroludi, khalal yoftani mubodilai moddaho, bemorihoi uzvhoi hozima (gastriti shadid, saraton, …

ANOR (Punica granatum), nor, rummon, butta yo darakhtest nachandon kaloni sertana. To 2 – 5 m qad mekashad. Navdahoyash khokistarrangi sabztob, pustlokhi shokhhoyash khokistarrangi khira, bargash bayzashakli nugtez, gulash surkhi kuzachamonand, zangulashakl. Mevaash kalon, pustash charmguni surkh yo zardtob. Apr. – may gul karda, mevaash sent. – okt. mepazad. Anorzorhoi …

ANOSMIYA (az yun. an – hissachai inkori va osme – buy), nabudani ehsosi shomma. A. hangomi tagyiroti luobpardai bini (varam kardani on, mavjudiyati polip, omos, kaj shudani devorai bini, atreziyai rohi bini va g.), zukom, nazla, gripp, bazan dar vaqti bemorihoi mayna mushohida meshavad. Dar mavridi A. hissi zoiqa niz …

ANONIHIYA (Anonychosis), anonikhoz, dar angushton nabudani nokhun. A. yake az shaklhoi distrofiyai nokhunhost. Ba distrofiyai nokhunho mansuband: atrofiyai nokhunho – nihoyat tunuk shudani nokhunho; gipertrofiyai nokhunho – gafs shudani lavhachai nokhunho; makrodaktiliya – kalon shudani andozai angushtogn va nokhunho; mikrodaktiliya – khurd shudani andozai angushton va nokhunho; zishtii angushton va …

ANOMALIYA (Abnormitas), inhirofi tashakkul. Dar mavridi A uzv sokhti gayrimuqarrari megirad yo berun az joi khud joygir meshavad. Mavjud budani uzvhoi ziyodati niz A. mahsub meyobad (mas., angushti baraka).

ANKABUTIYA, turparda, yake az pardahoi devorai guzai chashm. A. guzai chashmro az darun faro giriftaast. Pardai khele nafis buda, sokhtori murakkab dorad. Qabati berunii A. az hujayrahoe tashakkul yoftaast, ki vobasta ba shakl onhro jomchaho va qalamchaho menomand. Jomchaho baroi ehsosi rang, qalamchaho boshand, baroi darki rushnoi khizmat mekunand. Qabati …

ANTIBIOTIKHO (Antibiotica; az anti… va yun. bios – hayot), moddahoe, ki mahsuli faoliyati mikroorganizmho, hayvonot va rastani buda, rushd va afzoishi namudhoi gunoguni mikrobhoro bozmedorand. A-hoi 15 – 16 dar tibbi khalqi hangomi muolijai jarohati maddanok az magori sabz istifoda meburdand. S. 1929 mikrobiologi anglis A. Fleming dar asosi talimot …

ANIS [Pimpinella anisum (≈ Anisum vulgare)], anisun, bodiyoni rumi, bodiyoni misri, bodiyoni forsi, giyohest yaksola; ba kashniz va jafari monandi dorad. Bekhash dukmonand (daroziash 50 – 90 sm), poyaash rost (20 – 70 sm qad mekashad), pashmakdor. Bargash dar poya paydarham joygir shudaast. Bargi bekhi poyaash parrador yo yaklukht, dumchadaroz; …

ANTIDEPRESSANTHO (Antidepressiva; az anti… va lot. depressus – anduhgin), doruhoe, ki baroi muolijai bemoroni giriftori afsurdaruhi istifoda meshavand. A. ba holati ruhii marizon tasiri musbat rasonda, onhoro bolidatab va ruhbaland mesozand. Samarai tasiri A. badi 5 – 14 ruzi istifodai onho ba mushohida merasad. A. asosan baroi tabobati psikhozho va …