Ilm

ANTROPOLOGIYA (az antropo… va …logiya), ilm dar borai paydoish, inkishof, qonuniyathoi digargunii sokhti badani odam va tashakkuli najodho. YUnoniyoni qadim bo mushohidayu aqidahoi khud ba ravnaqi A. sahmi kalon guzoshtand. Namoyandagoni ilmi tib, sayyohon, tabiatshinoson, faylasufon onro inkishof dodand. A. ba se qism taqsim meshavad: antropogenez, najodshinosi va morfologiyai odam. …

ANTIFRIZ (az anti… va angl. freeze – yakh bastan), mahluli obii baze moddaho, ki az sarmo yakh namebandad. A.-ro zimiston ba sistemai sardonii muharriki darunsuz merezand. Baroi sistemai sardonii muharrikhoi darunsuz istifodai A.-hoe, ki dar tarkibashon etilenglikol, obu spirt, obu glitserin, mahluli baze namakhoi gayriorganiki va g. dorand, muvofiqtar ast. …

ANTITOKSINHO (az anti… va toksinho), moddahoi makhsus (podtanho), ki dar organizm hangomi ba on roh yoftani zahri bakteriya yo jonvaron hosil meshavand. A. zahri mikrobhoi bemoriangezro bezarar megardonand. A.-ro dar organizmi hayvonot bo rohi suni hosil mekunand; baroi in avval az zahri mikrob anatoksin tayyor karda, on bad ba zeri …

ANTISEPTIKHO (az anti… va septikos – fasodovar), moddahoe, ki tasiri ziddimikrobi dorand. Tasiri A. nisbati mikroorganizmho intikhobi nest. Voyai kami A. inkishofi bakteriyahoro bozmedorad; az voyai ziyodi onho bakteriyaho mahv megardand. A.-ro baroi tabobati zakhmhoe, ki siroyat yoftaast, illathoi bakteriyavii pust va luobpardaho, bezarar gardondani ob, khurokvori va dasti dukhturon …

ANTISEPTIKA (Antiseptica; az anti… va yun. septikos – maddanok), majmui tadbirhoest baroi bezarar gardonidani jarohat va tamomi on chi ki hangomi muolija istifoda meshavad. A.-ro bar ziddi bakteriyahoe, ki ba jarohat vorid shudaand, kor mefarmoyand, az in ru on beshtar ahamiyati tabobati dorad; aseptika boshad, ba jarohat roh yoftani bakteriyahoro …

ANTIKOAGULYANTHO (Anticoagulantia; az anti… va lot. coagulans – lakhtaband), doruhoe, ki sadi lakhtabandii khun gashta, bo in roh hosil shudani sudda (tromb)-ro peshgiri menamoyand. A. tasiri bevosita va bavosita dorand. Ba A.-i tasirashon bevosita geparin va gidrositrati natriy, ba A.-i tasirashon bavosita neodikumarin, sinkumar, fenilin, amefin mansuband. A.-ho az rui …

ANTROPOMETRIYA (Antrophometria; az antropo… va …metriya), kolbadshinosi, majmui tarzu usulhoi muqarrar namudani khususiyathoi morfologii badani odam: chen kardani qad, vazn, andomhoi zohirii badan (andozai kosakhonai sar, qafasi sina, gardan, kitf, bozu, ron, soqi po), inchunin nishondodhoi vazoifi (gunjoishi shush, quvvai mushakho va g.). Dar mavridi A. alomathoi chenkuni va tafsiri …

ANTIGENHO (az anti… va yun. gennao – ba vujud ovardan), podzoho, moddahoi tabiatashon begonai organiki, ki mavridi ba organizm firistodan (na az rohi azoi hozima), safedahoi makhsus – podtanho hosil karda, bo onho tasiri tarafayn barqaror menamoyand. A. faqat bo hamon podtanhoe payvast meshavand, ki zeri tasiri khudi onho ba …

ANTIVITAMINHO (az anti… va vitaminho), payvasthoe, ki sokhti khimiyaviashon ba vitaminho monand ast, vale tasiri biologii ziddi vitamini zohir menamoyand. A. hangomi ba organizm roh yoftan, ba joyi vitaminho dar reaksiyahoi mubodilai moddaho ishtirok karda, jarayoni mutadili onhoro sust yo khalaldor mesozand. In boisi norasogii vitamin dar organizm megardad (hatto …

APATIYA (az yun. apatheia – betavajjuhi), betafovuti, betarafi nisbat ba atrofiyon. Holati mariziest, ki dar mavridi on shakhs nisbat ba hama guna amaliyotu voqeaho betafovut va beetino meshavad (falaji ehsosot). Bisyor vaqt A. bo ambuliya (zafi umumii faoliyati ruhi) jur megardad. CHunin bemoron kamharakat, kamgap, betashabbus va beragbat meboshand. Aloimi …