Ilm

KARANTIN (Quarantine; ital. qarantena, az quaranta giorni – chil ruz), tadbirhoe, ki bahri peshgiri kardani gustarishi bemorihoi siroyati (toun, vabo, nagzak va g.) andeshida meshavand. K. avvalin marotiba dar Italiya (a. 14) ba vujud omadaast; kishtihoero, ki az mahalhoi vabozada meomadand, dar bandar chil ruz nigoh medoshtand. Hangomi khatari pahn …

KARBAMID, mochevina, durdai peshob, H2NCONH2, amidi purrai kislotai karbonat, amidi kislotai karbamin. Kristalli berang, t gud. 132,7°S, dar ob, spirt, ammiaki moe, angidridi sulfit nagz hal meshavad. K.-ro avvalin bor khimiki fransavi I. Ruell (1773) az peshob judo va khimiki nemis F. Vyoler (1828) dar natijai garmkunii sianidi ammoniy (NH4NCO) …

KARAFS (Apium graveolens), karafsh, giyohest dusola. Az 20 to 150 sm qad mekashad. Poyaash rost, sershokh; bargash parmonand, gultudaash chatrnamo, gulash maydai safed yo sabztob. Mohi iyul gul karda, donash avg. – sent. mepazad. Odatan dar zaminhoi partov, kanori juy, rudi kuhi, obanbor yo shibaru botloqjoyho meruyad. Dar kuhi Mevagul, …

KARBOGIDRIDHO, sinfi payvasthoi organiki, ki molekulaashon tanho az atomhoi karbon va gidrogen tarkib yoftaast. K. az jihati sokhti molekula asikili yo khud alifati (karbogidridhoe, ki dar molekulaashon atomhoi karbon bo ham khatti yo shokhanok payvast shudaand) va izosikli yo khud karbosikli (karbogidridhoe, ki molekulaashon shakli halqagi dorand) meshavand. K.-i guruhi …

KARDIOGRAFIYA (az kardio… va grafiya), navishti kashishkhurii dil; ba manoi vase – hamai usulhoi ba qaydgirii funksiyai kashishkhurii dil. Kardiogrammai odamro avvalin marotiba (1863) fiziologi fransavi E. Marey ba qayd girifta bud. Alhol in usul ba usulhoi mukammaltar (K.-i ultrasadoii impulsi, ballistokardiografiya, kinetokardiografiya, fonokardiografiya, elektrokimografiya va g.) ivaz karda shudaast.

KARDIOGRAMMA (az kardio… va gramma – tasvir, aks), navishtai kori dil, ki dar kogaz yo plyonkai suratgiri aks karda meshavad. Baroi ba dast ovardani K. az elektrokardiograf, ballistokardiograf va g. istifoda mekunand. Az rui K. oid ba basomadi kashish, holati mushakho va vazi umumii dil metavon khulosa barovard. CHenaki aniqi …

KARDIALGIYA (Cardialgia), dard kardani mavzei mushakhoi dil. K. metavonad alomati bemorii ragho, saktai dil, stenokardiya va g. boshad. Dar natijai bemorihoi iltihobi, mas., miokardit yo perikardit, ikhtiloli mubodilai moddaho dar mushaki dil, suiistemoli mashruboti spirtdor, bemorihoi sutunmuhra, asabhoi nazdik ba dil, osteokhondrozi muhrahoi gardan, nevralgiyai bayni qaburgaho, bemorihoi rohi medayu …

KARVIYO (Carum carvi), zirai rumi, zirai siyoh, kibrak, shohzira, giyohest du yo bisyorsola. To 30 – 100 sm qad mekashad. Poyai dorunkholii rost, bargi parmonand, guli maydai safed dorad. Iyun – iyul gul karda, avg. tukhm mebandad. Dar margzori sernam, sahroyu alafzori besha, kanori rohu qad – qadi juy, sohili …

KARBON (lot. Carboneum, az carbo – angisht), S, elementi khimiyavii guruhi IV sistemai davrii Mendeleev, raqami at. 6, massai at. 12,011. Dar tabiat du izotopi sobit 12S (98,892%), 13S (1,108%) va yak radioaktivi K 14S(T1/2 = 5,6 • 103 sol) malumand. Dar asosi izotopi 12S jadvali hozirazamoni massahoi atomi tartib …

KARDIOSKLEROZ (az kardio… va sklerosis – sakht shudan, sakhti), qisman ivaz shudani boftahoi miokard ba boftahoi payvandi. K. dar joyhoi mavtshudai nakhhoi miokard binobar miokardit, miokardiodistrofiya, saktai dil va g. inkishof meyobad. K. muntashir (diffuzi) va manbai meshavad. Hangomi K.-i muntashir unsurhoi boftai payvandi dar sathi miokard nisbatan barobar gustarish …