Ilm

ALALIYA (az a – hissachai inkori va lalia – nutq), vuchud nadoshtan yo sust inkishof yoftani nutq dar kudakon, ki zimni on qobiliyati shunavoii onho mahfuz me- monad. Nig. Gungi.

«AL-ADVIYATU-L-MUFRADA», asari tabib va giyohshinosi marufi Andalus Abuchafar Ahmad ibni Muhammadi Gofiqii Magribi (vaf. 1165). Ba zaboni arabi talif shudaast. Kitob dar bobi khud benazir buda, boisi shuhrati muallifash dar SHarqu Garb gashtaast. Gofiqi dar in kitob hamai on chiro, ki Disquridusu Jolinus pesh az u bayon kardaand, bo iboroti …

ALVEOLIT (Alveolitis), iltihobi dandonkhona (alveola), ki binobar hangomi kandani dandon siroyat yoftani on sar mezanad. Nigohubini nodurusti alveola badi kandani dandon niz metavonad muchibi A. gardad. Sakht dard kardani choyi dandon (badi 2 – 3 ruzi kandani dandon paydo meshavad), bo pardai khokistarrang yo lakh- tai khuni siyoh faro girifta …

ALKALOZ (az lot. alcali – ishqor), ikhtiloli muvozanati kislotayu ishqorho dar organizm, ki hangomi on miqdori asosho meafzoyad. A. jubroni va gayrijubroni meshavad. Hangomi A.-i jubroni pH-i khun mutadil (7,35 – 7,45) ast; dar asnoi A.-i gayrijubroni pH az 7,45 ziyod ast, ki sababi in bartari hosil kardani asosho va …

ALI IBNI ABBOSI AHVOZI (s. tav. nomalum – s. vaf. 994), tabib, dar ahdi Somoniyon ba sar burdaast. Bino ba baze malumot korro az dasti Abubakri Rozi qabul karda, ba Abuali ibni Sino suporidaast. A. tabibi darbori hokimoni somoni bud. Dar robita ba tib chandin talifot dorad: «Dasturi tib», «Al-Maliki», …

ALDOSTERON (Aldosterone), elektrokortin, aldokortin, gormoni qishri gadudi boloi gurda; mansubi kortikosteroidhost. A. dar organizm mubodilai mineralhoro tanzim karda, mineralokortikoidi asosi mahsub meshavad. A. soli 1952 dar shakli kristalli judo karda shudaast. Onro s. 1959 V. Vetshteter sintez namud. A. baroi dar organizm bozdoshta shudani ionhoi natriy (Na+) va tavassuti peshob, …

ALDOLAZA, yak nav ferment. Dar organizm dar ravandi glikoliz shirkat mevarzad. Faolii A. dar khun dar mavridi tashkhisi baze bemoriho ahamiyati kalon dorad. A. dar hama boftahoi organizm mavjud ast. On dar boftahoi omosi saratoni nisbat ba boftahoi solim faoliyati beshtar zohir mekunad. Hangomi baze bemoriho (distrofiyai mushakho, illati parenkhimii …

ALDEGIDHO, payvasthoi organiki. Dar tarkibi khud guruhi karbonili bo radikali organiki va atomi gidrogen payvast dorand. A. dar spirt va efir khub hal meshavand. A. az jihati khimiyavi khele faoland. A. zud oksid shuda, ba kislotaho tabdil meyoband. Dar natijai ba A. payvast shudani gidrogen, ob, spirt, kislotai sianid, bisulfati …

ALKALOIDHO (az lot. alkali – ishqor va yun. oidos – monand), nave az payvasthoi organikii nitrogendori naboti, ki khosiyati asoshoro doshta, tasiri fiziologi merasonand. Dar rastani kashf shudani A. ahamiyati kalon dosht, zero to avv. a. 19 gumon meraft, ki moddahoi naboti nitrogen nadorand. Soli 1803 A.-i afyun dar na- …

«AL-MIA FY-S-SINOATI-T-TIB- BIYA» («Sad kitob dar bayoni peshai pizishki»), asari Abusahli Masehi dar bobi tib. Az talifoti buzurgu umdai muallif buda, az sad kitob iborat ast. Kitobi avvali on dar bayoni madkhal va umuri muqaddimavii tib budaast. Muallifi «Ko- milu-s-sinoat» dar robita ba in asar dar talifi khud yodovar shuda …