Obsabzho yake az organizmkhoi ibtidoi va qadimtarini sayyoraamon ba hisob meravand. Az in jikhat faqat bakteriyaho, hamchun qadimtarin organizmho, ba onho barobar shuda metavonand. Dar davrahoi guzashtai duri geologi obsabzho dar uqyonusho, bahrho, daryoho, kulho va digar obanborho vase pahn shuda budand. Obsabzho avvalin organizmhoi sabzi fotosintezkunanda meboshand. To ba …

Obsabzho guruhi kaloni rastanihoi darajai pastro tashkil mekunand. CHunki, onho resha, poya va bargi haqiqi nadorand. Onhoro rastanihoi tallomi menomand. Obsabzho organizmhoi yakhujayragi, bisyorhujayragi va tudazindagikunandaro darbar megirand. Aksariyati onho dar muhiti ob sukunat doshta, beshtar dar obhoi shuri bahru uqyonusho, obhoi shirini daryoho, obanborho, havzho va hatto dar khokhoi …

ODAMONI IBTIDOI. Bostonshinoson bisyor nishonahoi odamoni qadimtarinro dar Afriqo, Osiyo, Avrupo va Amerika paydo namuda, az rui ustukhonporahoyashon shaklu andomi onhoro muayyan kardaand. Dar natijai in malum gardid, ki odamoni ibtidoi az odamoni imruza farqi kalon doshta, ba maymunhoi kalonjussa monand budand. Peshonaapyun tangu khamida, maynaashon az maynai maymun kalontar, …

Tasavvuroti umumi dar borai tasnifot (namud, avlod, oila, tartib, sinf, shuba) Olami nabotot bisyor ham gunogunkhel va rangorang ast. Az rui malumothoi olimoni nabototshinss barmeoyad, ki olami rastaniho ziyoda az 350 hazor namud yo khelro darbar megirand. Lekin in haddi okhirin nabuda, nabototshinoson dar natijai justujuhoi ilmii sershumorashon bisyor namudhoi …

SHumo dar sinfhoi 6 az in kitobi darsi talim megired. Tavassuti mundarijai kitob shumo bo nomgui faslu bobhoi alohida shinos gardida, mavzuhoi lozimaro bo osoni daryofta metavoned. Dar okhiri har yak mavzu bo maqsadi sanjishi darajai fahmishu donishi khonandagon savolhoi ba mavzu dakhldor doda shudaand. Pesh az savolho alomati guzoshta …

Nuqtai sabzish. Moddahoi zaruri baroi sabzish Agar hamai uzvhoi rastani mutadil amal kunand, in manoi onro dorad, ki rastani dar vazi khubi rushdu sabzish qaror dorad. Ba tufayli taqsimshavii hujayrahoi boftai hosilkunanda (bavujudovaranda) va sipas sabzishu makhsusiyatpaydokuni hujayrahoi bavujudomadai organizmi rastani az jihati hajmu (andozayu) vazn kalon shuda, barkamol meshavand. …

Agarchande rastaniho dar yak joy muqimy sabzand ham, vale vobasta ba tasiri omilhoi muhiti beruna va gayraho dar ravandi rushdu inkishofashon harakathoi gunoguni uzvhoi ruizamini va zerikhokii onhoro mushohida kardan mumkin ast. Qismi ziyodi harakati rastani — sabzishi meboshad. Dar natijai sabzishi poyavu navdaho rastaniho botadrij ba tarafhoi gunogun sabzida, …

№1 SHINOHTANI UZVHOI RASTANIHOI GULDOR Rastanihoi ba shumo dodashudaro bodiqqat az nazar gu- zaroned. Uzvhoi onhoro aniq kuned. Sipas, uzvhoi onhoro bo yakdigar muqoisa kunsd. Monandi va farkdyati onhoro muayyan kuned. Rasmi yake az in rastanihoro dar daftaraton kashed. Dar shafati uzvho nomi onhoro qayd kuned. Guli turbkohak yo yagon …

Rastaniho dar muddati faoliyati hayotiashon vaznu andozai resha, poya va navdavu bargashon sol az sol muntazam afzuda, na tanho mesabzand, onho inchunin inkishof yofta, khususiyatu khosiyathoi nav ba nav paydo mekunand. Az in ru, dar rastanihoi guldor, yane pushidatukhmon chor davrai inkishof farq karda meshavad. Saravval, ovoni janini — az …