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Ahamiyati obsabzho dar tabiat va khojagii khalq. Muhofizati onho

Obsabzho yake az organizmkhoi ibtidoi va qadimtarini sayyoraamon ba hisob meravand. Az in jikhat faqat bakteriyaho, hamchun qadimtarin organizmho, ba onho barobar shuda metavonand.

Dar davrahoi guzashtai duri geologi obsabzho dar uqyonusho, bahrho, daryoho, kulho va digar obanborho vase pahn shuda budand. Obsabzho avvalin organizmhoi sabzi fotosintezkunanda meboshand. To ba vujud omadani obsabzho dar atmosfera oksigen qarib mavjud nabud. Dar ravandi fotosintez obsabzkho energiyai oftob va gazi karbonati muhitro istifoda burda, tavonistand tarkibi atmosfera va obro bo oksigen boy gardonaid.

Tavassuti namoyandagoni muayyani obsabzho olami gunogunkheli hayvonot ba vujud omad va rivoju inkishof yoft. Obsabzho peshguzashtagoni (ajdodoni) avvalini rastanihoi dar muhiti obi va khushki zindagikunanda meboshand. Onho dar davrahoi gunoguni geologi qabati gafsi jinshoi kuhiro ba vujud ovardaand. Az rui tahlili jinshoi kukhi olimon isbot kardaand, ki obsabzkhoi avvalin taqriban se milliardu dusad million sol pesh az zamoni mo paydo shudand.

ahmiyati-obsabz

Obsabzho dar hosilshavii ia tanho oksigeni atmosfera, inchunin moddakhoi organiki, ki gizoi asosii hayvonotu bakteriyaho ba shumor meravand, faolona shirkat mevarzand. Obsabzho dar gardishi moddaho, khususan, silitsiy va kalsiy dar tabiat maqomi makhsusi khudro dorand. Dar tuli solhoi duru darozi tarikhi jismhoi nobudshudai obsabzho dar qari bahru uqyonusho gun gardida, takshinhoero ba vujud ovardaand, ki onhoro dar sohahoi gunoguni khojagi samaranok istifoda mebarand.

Boqimondahoi baze namoyandagoni obsabzho (obsabzhoi diatomi)-ro hamchun ashyoi khom baroi tayyor kardani khishthoi sabukvazn istifoda mebarand. CHunonchi, bo takhtasanghoe, ki az boqimondai obsabzhoi diatomi paydo shudaand, gunbazi kalisoi Sofiyai Muqaddas dar Istambul oro doda shudaast. Inchunin, hangomi tayyor kardani sementi khushsifat ba on boqimondahoi obsabzhoi diatomi hamroh karda meshavad.

Odamon az zamonhoi qadim sar karda, obsabzhoro dar faoliyati hayotiashon vase istifoda mebarand. Hususan, mardumi mamlakathoi nazdi bahr (Angliya, Fransiya, Norvegiya, Irlandiya, va gayraho) obsabzhoro ba sifati khuroka va hamchun khuroki sergizo baroi parvarishi chorvoi khonagi istifoda mebarand. YAponho boshand, az obsabzho taomhoi gunoguni milli mepazand. Makhsusan, laminariyaro, ki karami bahri ham menomand, baroi tayyor kardani taomhoi gunogun beshtar istifoda mebarand. Ordi az obsabz giriftaro baroi tayyor kardani kulchahoi qandin istifoda mebarand. Az obsabzho moddahoi gunoguni organiki – spirt, sirko, atseton va gayrahoro istehsol mekunand.

Az tarkibi obsabzhoi surkh agar-agar nom moddaero istehsol mekunand, ki onro dar sanoati qannodi, nonpazi (agar on ba khamir hamroh karda shavad, non muloim istodan megirad), istehsoli kogaz, matohoi sintetiki, plastmassa va dorusozy vase istifoda mebarand. Inchunin, agar-agarro dar korhoi ilmi-tadqiqoti hamchun muhiti gizogi baroi parvarishi bakteriyaho va digar mikroorganizmho istifoda mebarand.

Az obsabzhoi kalonjussai bur moddai digari purqimat – algin megirand, ki qobiliyati balandi chaspaki dorad. Onro baroi istehsoli yakhmos, ravgani molidanii ruy, nakhhoi suni, kogaz va behtar kardani sifati nakhi mato istifoda mebarand.

Az tarkibi khokistari obsabzhoi bur va surkh yod va brom (elementhoi kimiyovi) hosil karda meshavad. Azbaski obsabzhoi bur va surkh az elementi kaliy boy meboshand, onkhoro ba sifati nurii kaliydor baroi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii ziroathoi kishovarzi istifoda mebarand.

Obsabzhoi sabzi yakhujayragi va rishtamonand na faqat obro az oksigen gani megardonand, inchunin onho hamchun gizoi khushsifat baroi mohiho, parrandagoni dar ob shinokunanda sarf meshavand. Ordi az obsabzho tayyorkardaro hamchun gizoi purqimati chorvo istifoda mebarand. Dar tarkibi yak tonnai chunin ord 180 kg namaqhoi kaliydor, 16 kg moddahoi organikii nitrogendor, 10 kg fosfor va bisyor digar moddahoi zaruri va khele muhim mavjudand. Baze obsabzhoi dar khok zindagikunanda dar yakjoyagi bo bakteriyaho va digar omilhoi zaruri dar ravandi paydoshavii khok faolona ishtirok mekunand.

Benazorati va az had ziyod afzudani obsabzho dar obanborho, inshoothoi obyorikunanda va havzhoi mohiparvari metavonad ba faoliyati khojagidorii inson zarar rasonad. Baroi ruy nadodani chunin hodisaho nazorati qati burda, sari har chand vaqt in inshootkho yo obanborhoro az obsabzho toza mekunand.

Baroi sabzishi samarabakhshu mutadili obsabzkho sharoithoi khubi inkishofi onhoro muhayyo kardan lozim ast. Iflosshavii obanborho dar natijai ba on jo dokhil shudani partovhoi sanoati khimiyayovi, chubkori, korkardi metal, pust va har guna mavodkhoi zahroludkunanda boisi nobudshavii obsabzho va digar organizmhoi hamrokh zindagikunanda megardand. Hamin tavr, zahroludshavii bahru kulho va obanborho ba faoliyati hayotii rastaniho, hayvonot va odamon tasiri manfi merasonad. Binobar on, muhofizati obsabzho jihati toza nigoh doshtani muhiti obi va tamin kardani faoliyati hayotii sokinoni obi, doroi ahamiyati kalon meboshad.

  1. Obsabzhoi sabz dar tabiat chi ahamiyat dorand?
  2. Paydoshavii oksigen va moddahoi organiki bo obsabzho chi aloqamandi dorand?
  3. Boqimondahoi takshinshudai kadom obsabzro hamchun masolehi binokori istifoda mebarand?
  4. Obsabzhoro baroi istehsoli kadom moddahoi khimiyavi istifoda mebarand?
  5. Odamon obsabzhoro ba kadom maqsadho istifoda mebarand?
  6. Baroi chi obsabzhoro muho>fizat kardan zarur ast?

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