Hotirai kompyuter pas az mikroprotsessor elementi duyumi asosi hisobida meshavad. Vazifai asosii khotira az nigoh doshtani informatsiya iborat ast. Kompyuter yakchand namudi khotiraro dorad. Hotirai asosi, ki yagon kompyuter be on kor karda nametavonad, dar shakli mikroskhema (chip) sokhta shudaast. Hotirai asosiro ba khotirahoi favri va doimi taqsim mekunand. Ba …

Tavre ki allakay medonem, dar kompyuterhoi IBM PC funksiyahoi khotirai berunaro diskho va digar barandagoni informatsiya mebozand. Onho asosan baroi sabt namudan, az yak kompyuter ba kompyuteri digar kuchonidan va duru daroz yo muvaqqatan nigoh doshtani informatsiyai lozimi, istifoda burda meshavand. Masalan, vinchester, diskhoi magnitii andozaashon khurd (disketho), diskhoi magnitooptiki, …

Mikroprotsessor – elementi az hama muhimtarin va markazii kompyuter ba shumor meravad. Onro bazan «maynai» kompyuter ham meguyand. Mikroprotsessor skhemai elektronii nachandon kalon (hamagi yak-chand santimetr) buda, ba vositai on hamai qismhoi kompyuter idora, amalhoi arifmetikiyu mantiqi ijro va informatsiya kor karda baromada meshavand. Mikroprotsessor metavonad sadho namud amaliyotro, az …

Sarsukhan: Inson hamesha ba acbobhoi hisobbarori ehtiyoj dosht. Dar jamiyati ibtidoi odamon baroi hisobkuniho az angushtoni khud istifoda meburdand. CHubchahoi nishonador, tasmahoi surokhdor, resmonhoi girehdor va digar asbobhoi odditarin niz namunahoi ikhtirooti on davraho meboshand. Jahishi asosi dar paydoish va barqarorshavii tekhnikai hisobbaror dar qarnhoi XVII-XVIII ba vujud omad. Moshinhoi avvalini …

Klaviatura baroi ba kompyuter dokhil namudani komandaho va matni hujjatho peshbini karda shudaast. Azbaski imruz masalai az tarafi kompyuter shinokhtani ovozi inson ba purragi halli khudro nayoftaast, binobar hamin ham klaviatura yagona vositae boqi memonad, ki bo yorii on istifodabaranda informatsiyai harfi-adadiro ba kompyuter dokhil menamoyad. Har yak tugmai (klavish) …

Insoniyat dar tuli mavjudiyati khud yak zumra inqilobhoi ilmiyu tekhnikiro pasi sar namudaast, ki har kadomashon dar kamolot va khudshinosii on naqshi amiqro boqi guzoshtaand. Masalan, asri sangi ba paydoshavii avvalin oloti mehnat sabab gasht, ki on zahmati insonro kullan digargun sokht. Asri birinji ba azkhudkunii gudokhtani metall ovard, ki …

Imkoniyathoi kompyuter, hamchun mekhanizmi universalii korkardi informatsiya, dar on tajassum meyobad, ki ba on kadom tajhizoti dokhilkuni, khorijkuni, korkard va nigohdorandai informatsiya payvast karda shudaand. Mush (Mish – Mouse) – yake az chunin tajhizotest, ki qarib hamai programmahoi muosir az imkoniyathoi on ba tavri vase istifoda mebarand. Dar baze kompyuterho …

Kompyuter – pesh az hama yak namud moshin ast. On bo digar moshinhoi dar ruzgori khonayu maktab, naqliyotu istehsolot va digar sohahoi iqtisodiyotu ijtimoiyot istifodashavanda khele monand ast. Masalan, kompyuter niz chun digar moshinho bo yorii shabakai barqi yo akkumulyator kor mekunad. Kompyuter niz az yakchand qismhoi ba ham aloqamand …

Tarzi kori kompyuter ba tarzi kori maynai inson khele shabohat dorad. Dar har du mavrid ham az berun informatsiya qabul karda shuda, dar yagon qismi muayyani onho nigoh doshta meshavad. Bad informatsiyai mavjuda kor karda baromada shuda, tagyir doda meshavad yo bo digar informatsiya muqoisa karda meshavad. Natijahoi hosilshuda dar …

Tavre ki zikr karda shud, holo dar jahon namudhoi gunogun va miqdori khele ziyodi moshinhoi elektronii hisobbaror mavjudand. Kompyuter az majmui qismhoi ba ham aloqamandi tekhniki va programmavi iborat buda, baroi ijro namudani amalhoi elementarii arifmetiki, mantiqi va umuman amalhoi tabiati gunogun doshta peshbini karda shudaast. Ba chunin amalho, masalan, …