Ilm

Savol: Sifat chist? Javob: Sifat in yake az hissahoi nutqi insoni buda manoi makhsus dorad. Sifat khud az nomi khud malum ast, ki ba sifati predmetho (ashyoho) baho medihad va ba chigunagii onho javob medihad. Sifat ba khususiyat, alomatho, namud, shakl va umuman chigunagii predmetho baho medihad. Sifat ba savolhoi …

Muallifoni nazariya – olimoni rumini K.Simonesku va F.Denesh meboshand. Onho oid ba sharoithoi bo rohi abiogeni paydo shudani moddahoi soddai khimiyavi va kondensatsiyai onho dar sokhtori polimerho aqidai digar doshtand. Onho hamchun manbai energiya baroi hosilshavii protobiopolimerho ba energiyai khunuki plazma diqqati beshtar medihand. In fikr beasos nest. Plazmai khunuk …

Ensiklopediyai Millii Tojik (http://kitobam.com), ki jildi avvali on ba SHumo peshnihod megardad, boz yak dastovardi ilmivu farhangii davroni sohibistiqlolii Tojikiston va nishoni davlatu davlatdorii navini millati sohibtamaddun va kuhanbunyodi tojik meboshad. Mardumi mo khub medonad, ki kitob durri garonbaho, rahnamoi nekivu nakukori, anisi umum, khullas ganjinai beintihoi manavi buda, hamchunon …

Olimon takhmin mekunand, ki abrnoki marhilai tashakkuli galaktika yo sistemai sitorahoi azim ast. Az rui in nazariyaho, sayyoraho mahsuli ilovagii paydo shudani sitoraho meboshand. CHunin nuqtai nazarro bori avval I.Kant dar asri HVIII peshnihod karda, minbad onro D.Koyper, D.Alven va R.Kameron bo dalelho tasdiq namudaand. Sitorahoi nav dar dokhili gubornoki …

Masofai bayni zamin va moh hamagi 384 403 kilometrro tashkil menamoyad va agar bo havopaymo bo surati 1000 kilometr /soat az zamin ba mohtob parvoz namoem pas 16 shabonaruz vaqt lozim ast. Moh in sayyora nest, balki radifi zamin meboshad. Masohatash – diametrash nazar ba zamin 3,7 marotiba kamtar ast va …

Az zamin to oftob 150 mln. kilometr masofa hast va nuri oftob to ba zamin omadan 8,3 daqiqaro megirad. Agar odam az zamin to oftob piyoda ravad pas 5700 sol lozim ast vale agar bo havopaymoi harbi (voenniy samolyot) ravad pas taqriban 15-20 shabonaruz lozim ast. Albatta in guftaho imkonnopazir …

Dar tarkibi organizmhoi zinda hamon elementhoero didan mumkin ast, ki onho dar tabiati gayrizinda niz vomekhurand. Bo vujudi on, tanosubi elementho dar tabiati zinda va gayrizinda yak khel nest. Elementhoi tarkibi ashyohoi gayrizinda, asosan az oksigen, silitsiy, ohan, magniy, alyuminiy va gayraho iboratand. Taqriban 98 foizi tarkibi organizmhoi zinda boshad, …

To solhoi nazdik olimon aqida doshtand, ki mavjudoti zinda az gayrizinda bo mubodilai moddaho, harakat, barangezish, inkishof, mutobiqat farq menamoyand. Vale tadqiqothoi minbada nishon dodand, ki chunin khosiyatho dar alohidagi dar tabiati gayrizinda niz vomekhurand, bino bar in onho khosiyathoi makhsusi hayot shuda nametavonand. Muvofiqi malumothoi ilmii hozira tabiati zinda …

Tamomi olami zinda, az jumla inson, ba sistemahoi guno-guni biologi dokhil shuda, az taksonhoi (saltanat, tip, sinf, qator, oila, avlod, namud), tobei yakdigar buda iboratand. Malum ast, ki hamai mavjudoti zinda az hujayraho tarkib yoftaand. Hujayra metavonad organizmi alohida yo komil boshad, masalan soddatarinho yo mavjudoti serhujayra. Sokhti hujayra sodda, …

Nakhustin mavjudoti zinda dar sayyorai mo takhminan 3-3,5 mlrd. sol pesh paydo shudaast. Az hamin guna mavjudoti avvalin minbad namudhoi beshumori mavjudoti zindai digar paydo shuda, dar tuli solhoi ziyod afzoish yoftand, valebadtar bo sababhoi gunogun aksari onhoaz bayn raftand. Mavjudoti zindai kununi chahor saltanati tabiati zindaro tashkil doda, taqriban …