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Biologiya

Ahamiyati rastanii sabz dar tabiat va hayoti inson

Olimi barjastai rus Kliment Arkadevich Timiryazev dar “Hayoti rastani” nom kitobash dar khususi ahamiyati rastanihoi sabz dar tabiat va inkishofi hayot dar rui Zamin ba tavri khele vozehu fah- mo khitob kardaast: “Zamone, dar kadom yak mahal nuri Oftob ba Zamin aftid, ammo na ba zamini besamar, balki ba yak …

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Mutobiqshavii rastani dar khokhoi nisbatan khushk

mutobiqshavii-rastani

Rushdu numui rastaniho ba sharoiti muhiti zisti onho sakht aloqamandi dorad. Juzhoi (elementhoi) alohidai muhiti berunaro (ravshani, harorat, nami, tarkibi khok va gayrahoro) omilhoi ekologi menomand. Binobar on, vobasta ba omilhoi gunoguni ekologii muhiti atrof rastaniho mutobiqathoi gunogun paydo kardaand. Gunogunii sharoiti muhiti zist boisi gunogunkhelii rastaniho megardad. Binobar on, …

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Oksigenro khorij kardani bargho

barg-oksigen

Dar rushnoi gazi karbonatro furu burda, oksigenro khorij kardani bargho CHi tavre ki qablan qayd kardem, fotosintez ravandest, ki dar rushnoi az moddahoi gayriorganiki ob va gazi karbonat dar bargi sabzi rastaniho moddahoi organiki (qand, ohar) hosil megardad va oksigen khorij meshavad. Rastaniho gazi karbonatro az havo qabul mekunand (furu …

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Nafasgirii bargho. Obro bukhor kardani bargho

nafasgirii-bargho

Rastanihoi sabz ba monandi digar mavjudoti zinda moddahoi organikiro ba sifati gizo istifoda mebarand. Lekin farqi onho az digar organizmhoi zinda (zanburugho, bakteriyaho, hayvonot va gayraho) az on iborat ast, ki onho pesh az on ki moddahoi organikiro gizo girand, onro saravval dar bargashon dar ravandi fotosintez hosil mekunand. Rastaniho …

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Fotosintez. Dar bargho hosil shudani ohar

Fotosintez

CHi tavre ki shumo allakay medoned, baroi rushdu inkishofi mutadili rastaniho ob, moddahoi madani va organiki nihoyat zarurand. Ob va moddahoi madaniro rastani az khok qabul mekunad. Vale savole paydo meshavad, ki rastaniho moddahoi organikiro az kujo megirand? Dar natijai tadqiqot malum gardid, ki rastanikho khudashon qobiliyat dorand dar ravshani …

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Sokhti hujayravii pahnaki barg

huja

Tavassuti mikroskop shinosoi ba sokhti dokhilii pahnaki barg imkoniyat medihad, ki mavqe va ahamiyati onhoro dar hayoti rastanihoi sabz muayyan kunem. Mushohidaho nishon medihand, ki pahnaki barg az hujayrahoi shaklu andozaashon gunogun iborat buda, sokhti hujayravi dorad . Ruy va poyoni barg bo pusti tunuku shaffof pushida shudaast, ki hujayrahoi …

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Sokhti berunii barg

bargho

Barg bo hamrohii poyayu navdaho uzvhoi ruizaminii rastanihoro tashkil medihad. Dar barg se ravandi baroi rastaniho nihoyat muhim  fotosintez (hosil shudani moddahoi organiki), mubodilai gazho (gazi karbonat va oksigen) va obbukhorkuni meguzarad. Agarchande bargi rastanihoi gunogun az rui sokhti berunaashon az yakdigar farq kunand ham, onho alomathoi khose niz dorand, …

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Tagyiri shakli resha

reshaho

Dar reshai baze rastaniho (sabzi, turb, shalgam, lablabu va gayraho) moddahoi zakhiravi gun meshavand. CHunin reshaho boavj gafs gardida, ba khud shaklhoi gunogunro megirand. Onhoro odatan bekhmeva (yo reshameva) menomand. Bekhmeva dar aksari holatho az reshai asosi va yo az qismi poyonii poya hosil meshavad. Rastanihoi bekhmevador aksaran rastanihoi dusolaand. …

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Nafaskashii resha

nafaskashii-resha

Resha niz chun digar uzvhoi rastani ba oksigeni havo ehtiyoji kalon dorad. Resha dar vaqti nafaskashi oksigeni havoro nafas girifta gazi karbonatro khorij mekunad. Inro bo tajribai oddi isbot kardan mumkin ast. Agar niholi mushungi (lubiyo yo nakhudi) dar arramayda sabzondashudaro girifta, arramaydahoyashro afshonda ba dokhili probirka guzorem 38 va …

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Az mugja inkishof yoftani navda

mugcha

Mugja navdai holo inkishofnayoftai janini meboshad. Az mugja inkishof yoftani navdaro, khususan bahoron, hangomi ba kushodashavi shuru kardani mugjaho mushohida kardan mumkin ast. YO in ki shokhchaero dar ob guzoshta dar sharoiti khona yo maktab kushodashavii mugjahoro mushohida kardan qulay ast. Mo mebinem, ki baroi kushodashavii mugjaho fursati muayyani vaqt …

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