Biologiya

Ahamiyati on baroi hayoti rastaniho. Muhofizati khok: Reshai darakhton sabzida, ba qabathoi chuquri khok shokha ronda, gafs meshavad va tanai khele vazninu bohashamati shokhahoi serbargro mustahkam nigoh medorad. Albatta, na hamai rastaniho monandi darakhtoni azimjussa reshai ustuvoru shokharonda dorand. Reshai rastanihoi alafii yaksola nisbatan khurd buda, ba zamin chuqur namedaroyad. Tamomi …

Resha dar hayoti rastaniho ahamiyati avvalindaraja dorad. Rastaniho ba vositai reshaashon dar khok ustuvor joygir shuda, az on ob va moddahoi madanii baroi hayotashon zaruriro megirand. Baroi isboti in guftaho tajribahoi gunogun kumak merasonand. Agar yagon rastanii dar reg yo arramaydai namnok parvarish kardashudaro girifta, bo reshaash ba dokhili probirka …

CHi tavre ki shumo allakay medoned, ob va moddahoi madaniro rastani az khok ba tufayli muyakreshahoyash mejabbad. Dar khok ob dar shakli kholis vujud nadorad. Vay metavonad dar shakli mahluli khoki, ki namakhoi madanii dar ob halshavanda dorad, dastrasi rastaniho gardad. Minbad dar rastani ba mahluli in moddaho chi hodisa …

Baroi nafasgirii organizmhoi (mavjudoti) zinda, az on jumla rastaniho, hayvonot va odam gazi oksigen (havo) zarur ast. Oksigen inchunin ba suzish yori merasonad. Gugirdchubi afrukhta dar mu- hiti havo khele khub mesuzad, zero dar on oksigen hast. Ammo agar yagon zarfi shishagiro bo havoi nafasbaroriamon pur karda, ba on gugirdchubi …

Tukhmi janinash zindavu solim metavonad sabzida, nashunamo kunad va rastanii navro ba vujud ovarad. Dar baze holatho az osebi hasharothoi zararrason, magorbandi yo dar natijai miqdori ziyodi obashro gum kardan va sababhoi digar janin nobud megardad. Inchunin, janin dar natijai solhoi duru daroz nigoh dosh- tani tukhmi niz nobud meshavad. …

SHinosoiro bo hayoti rastani az omuzishi sokhti tukhm (don) va sabzishi on ogoz mekunem.Mebinem, ki doni lubiyo kalon buda, agar yak tarafi donash barjasta boshad, tarafi digari on furukhamida meboshad. Rui don bo pusti suftai jilodor ihota gardidaast. Pust tukhmro az khushkshavi va digar osebho muhofizat mekunad. Pusti tukhmi lubiyo …

CHi tavre ki malum ast, az gandum va digar ziroathoi galladonagi ord istehsol mekunand. Ord endospermi maydashuda yo tal- qonshudai don meboshad. Vay az moddahoi gupoguni gnzoi iborat ast. Baroi muayyan kardani tarkibi tukhm kame ordi gandumro girifta, az on khamir tayyor mekunem. Sipas, khamirro ba doka pechonda dar yagon …

Olimon sokhti hujayraro bo yorii mikroskop omukhta, mushohida kardand, ki hujayrai aksari uzvhoi rastani qobiliyati sabzida ba kamol rasidan va taqsim shuda afzoish kardanro dorad. Dar natija hujayrahoi nav ba vujud meoyand. Taqsimshavii hujayra odatan khele murakkab meguzarad. Saravval, yadroi hujayra kalon shuda, dar on khromosomaho, ki jismchahoi oda- tan …

SHinosoi bo asbobhoi kalonnishondihanda Rastaniho organizmhoi zindaand. Baroi durust donistanu dark kardani ravandho yo hodisahoi baroi hayotguzaronii rastaniho hatman zarur meboyad bo sokhtori dokhilii uzvhoi rastani az naz- dik shinos shavem. Pomidori surkhtobi nimkhom, tarbuz, limu yo sebi muloimro pora (yo dukafon) kuned. Magzi in mevaho az katakchaho (kovokihoi) ni- …

Tamomi organizmhoi zinda, az on jumla rastaniho, az hujayrahoi andozaashon khele khurd, ki bo chashmi oddi dida nameshavand, iboratand. Hujayra va sokhti hujayragii organizmhoro didan faqat bo tufayli takmilu sayqal yoftani sanati shishasozi imkonpazir gardid. Baroi ba sokhti hujayrai rastani shinos shudan preparati pardai tunuku nafisi magzi piyozro tayyor kuned. …