SISTEMAHOI OPERATSIONI

Sistemai operatsioni – majmui programmahoi ba ham aloqamand buda, hangomi ba kor darovardani kompyuter kori khudro ogoz menamoyad. Sistemai operatsioni (SO) imkoniyat medihad, ki komandaho bo yorii klaviatura yo mush ba kompyuter dokhil karda shavand, matni hujjatho, rasmho va digar informatsiya bo nomhoi muayyan dar disk sabt karda shavand, programmahoi amali az vinchester, disketho yo vositahoi digar ba khotira jeg zada shuda, ba kor omoda sokhta shavand. Mahz ba vositai SO hamai qismhoi kompyuter va zakhirahoi on, az qabili khotirai favri, miqdori joy dar diskho va gayraho idora karda meshavand. SO dialogi bayni kompyuter va insonro tashkil menamoyad. SO bayni istifodabaranda, programmahoi amali va qismhoi kompyuter robitai khele qulayi koriro (inteyrfeys) muhayyo mesozad.

Dar kompyuterho SO gunogun istifoda burda meshavand. Hayati programmahoi sistemavii har yak SO az tarafi sozandagoni on muayyan karda meshavad. Dar kompyuterhoi fardi odatan sistemahoi operatsionii diski (DOS) istifoda burda meshavand.

Dar kori DOS niz, ba misli har yak programmai dilkhoh, se marhilaro judo namudan mumkin ast: dokhilkunii informatsiya, korkardi informatsiya va khorijkunii natijaho. Informatsiya bo yorii klaviatura yo mush dokhil karda meshavad. Korkardi informatsiyaro protsessor ba uhda megirad. Hangomi khorijkunii natijaho boshad, ekran yo printer, yo disk va yo digar tajhizot khizmat rasonida metavonand.

Novobasta az programmai amalii istifodashavanda dokhilkuni va khorijkunii informatsiya bo yorii tajhizoti yakkhela anjom doda meshavad. Funksiyai yakumi SO – tamini yagonagi va standartii istifodabarii qismhoi dokhilkunikhorijkunii informatsiya baroi programmai dilkhoh meboshad. Hangomi ijroi dokhilkuni va khorijkunii informatsiya SO bo qismhoi kompyuter sadho va hatto hazorho amaliyoti elementariro meguzaronad, ki tartibi ijroi onho az nazari istifodabarandai kompyuter pinhon memonad.

Funksiyai digari SO ba khotirai favrii kompyuter jeg zadan va ba kor darovardani programmahoi amali ba shumor meravad. Pas az itmomi kori in programmaho SO khotiraro az onho kholi namuda, onro baroi qabuli programmahoi navbati tayyor menamoyad.

Hangomi omodagi, ijroshavi yo anjomi kori programmahoi amali istifodabaranda ba kompyuter bazekomandahoro dokhil mekunad va javobhoi muayyanro qabul menamoyad. Digarkheltar karda guem, bayni kompyuter va inson robitai dialogi barqaror karda meshavad, ki inro funksiyai seyumi SO nomidan mumkin ast.

Dar baze SO yakbora yakchand programmaho dar alohidagi yo aloqamandi kor karda metavonand. Tashkili kori in programmaho va idorakunii onhoro niz SO ba uhda dorad, ki onro funksiyai chorum guftan mumkin ast. Hulosa, tamomi faoliyati kompyuterro SO tamin va idora menamoyad.

Dar kompyuterhoi fardii IBM PC yake az sistemahoi operatsioni – MS DOS yo MS Windows, yo OS/2, Waqp, yo distributivhoi GNU/Linux, yo ISD istifoda burda mesha-

vand. SO gunogun ba kompyuterho talaboti gunogunro (zudkorii protsessor, hajmi khotirai favri va diskho) peshnihod menamoyand. Tanho haminro khotirrason kardaniem, ki yak qismi programmahoi SO dar khotirai doimii kompyuter, qismi digarashon dar disketho yo vinchester va yo digar barandagoni

informatsiya nigoh doshta meshavand.

 Savolho:

1. Sistemai operatsioni chist?
2. Vazifahoi asosii sistemai operatsioni kadomhoyand?
3. Dar kori sistemai operatsioni chand marhilaro judo namudan mumkin ast? In marhilaho chi nom dorand?
4. Kadom sistemahoi operatsioniro medoned?

 Suporish:

1. Matni mavzuro bodiqqat khoned va onro naql kuned.
2. Doir ba sistemahoi operatsioni, vazifahoi onho va tarzi korashon fikratonro dar daftar bayon namoed.