Ba beshtari hayvonoti obi va organizmhoe, ki afzoishashon bevosita ba ob aloqamand ast (mohiho, obkhokiho), bordorshavii beruna khos meboshad. Hayvonot dar davrai afzoish mahsuli jinsiro dar shakli hujayratukhm va nutfa bo ob khorij karda bordorshavi dar on jo ba amal meoyad. Dar organizmhoi khushki uzvhoi jinsii beruna inkishof yoftaast; nutfa …

Dar in davr hujayraho shakl va andozai muayyan megirand. Hujayrahoi jinsii modina dar ravandi rasish bo parda pushida shuda, badi purra khotima yoftani meyoz ba bordorshavi omoda megardand. Dar bisyor mavridho, masalan, dar khazandagon va parrandagon, az hisobi hujayrahoi hujayratukhmro ihota karda, dar atrofi on pardachaho paydo meshavand (rasmi 6.9). …

Dar profazai 1 torhoi khromatin (khromosoma) dar zeri mikroskopi rushnoi namoyonand va shakli spirali dorand. Dar hamin davra, agar binoishi mikroskopro kalon kunem, malum megardad, ki har yak khromosoma du khromatin doshta onho bo ham ba sentromerashon chaspidaand. Hromosomahoi gomologi bo ham nazdik va nuqtahoi bo ham muvofiqi onho jafs …

SHalgamcharo dar hama jo parvarish mekunand. SHalgamcha qand. ob, modahoi nitrogeniy, klechatka, vitamini S, namakhoi minerali dorad va binobar in sabzavoti khubi ishtihoovar meboshad. SHalgamcharo taru toza yo bo qaymoq, jugrot va gayra istemol mekunand va az on yakjoya bo piyozi kabud, bodiring, qaymoq salat, tayyor kardan mumkin ast. SHakhsone, …

Lablabui surkhi oshiro dar hama jo meparvarand. Dar tarkibi lablabui safeda kislotahoi organiki, klechatka, 37-41 mg% vitamini R, vitamini S dar bargash va namakhoi minerali mavjudand. Lablabui taru tozai obpaz khususiyathoi shifoi dorad. Onro khususan ba odamoni kalonsoli giriftori kasalii jigar, qabziyat va fishorii khunashon baland, kamkhuni tavsiya mekunand. Baroi …

SHakl, hajm va rangi navi shalgam (zard, surkh, bunafsh, safed) gunogunand. SHalgam sabzavoti tezras va sergizoest. SHalgam manbai vitamini S to 63 mg% ast. Dar on vitaminhoi V1, V2, RR, A (karotin) niz mavjudand. Dar shalgam to 90 % qand, to 2 % safeda, namakhoi minerali va gayra hast. SHalgam …

Afzoish yake az khosiyathoi muhimi olami organiki meboshad. Afzoish ba hamai makhluqoti zinda, az bakteriyaho to shirkhuron, khos ast. Sababi mavjudiyati namudhoi hayvonot, rastani, bakteryaho va zamburugho, idomai nasl dar bayni volidon va nasli onho afzoish meboshad. Bo khudofari digar khususiyati khosi organizmhoi zinda, yane inkishof, niz sakht vobasta ast. …

Dar mavridi afzoishi gayrijinsi organizmi nav az hisobi yak yo chand hujayrai gayrijinsii (somotiki)-i organizmi modari paydo meshavad. Beshtar soddatarinho (amyoba, evglenai sabz va gayra) obsabzhoi yakhujayragi (khlamidomonad) bo rohi taqsimshavii mitozi afzoish mekunand. Mavjudoti yakhujayrai digar, masalan, baze zanburughoi darajai past, obsabzi khlorella, plazmodiya (barangezandai tablarza) bo spora afzoish …

Afzoishi jinsi ahamiyati kaloni tahavvuloti doshta, nisbat ba afzoishi gayrijinsi bartari dorad. Zero genotipi naslho dar natijai omezish (kombinatsiya)-i genhoi volidon ba vujud meoyad. Dar natija qobiliyati mutobiqati naslho ba sharoiti gunoguni muhit ziyod shuda, onho nisbat ba volidoni khud dar muboriza bahri hayot bartari paydo mekunand. Hangomi afzoishi jinsi …

Dar rivoyate az «Musnad»-i Bazzoz Hazrati Abuhurayra (raz) rivoyat mekunad, ki Rasululloh (s) farmud: Har on shakhse, ki dar ogozi har ruz «Oyatu-l-Kursi» va se oyati avvali surai «Muminun»-ro bikhonad, dar on ruz az har guna badi, musibat va mushkilot mahfuz khohad mond. Tirmizi ham onro rivoyat namudaast. «Oyatu-l-Kursi» va …