BANDINA

BANDINA (Fascia), zakhmband, vasoit va usulhoi ba sathi badan yo yagon joi digari on bastani rifodot (matoi bandish). Tavassuti B. in yo on qismi badanro beharakat niz menamoyand. B. ustuvorgardon, tazyiqovar, nojunbon, shakhkunanda (asosan gajmoni) meshavad. Navhoi mamuli B.-i ustuvorgardon marhami chaspak, shireshi va binti meboshand. Ayni hol dar zakhmbandi B.-i angori va turiro beshtar istifoda mebarand.
Hudi mato (odatan, doka va pakhta)-i zakhmbandiro niz B. menomand. In qabil B.-ho aseptiki (matoi tamyizi), antiseptiki (matoe, ki khosiyati ziddibakteriyavi dorad), khushk, nam, marhamdor va g. meshavand. B.-ro baroi muhofizati jarohat az iflosii beruna, jabbidani moeote ki az zakhm yo manbai chirk mebaroyand, muolijai boftahoi osebdidayu siroyatyofta va g. kor mefarmoyand. Istilohi «bandina» az «zakhmbandi» farq dorad. Giriftani bandinai peshina, poshidani dorui ordak, molidani marham, az nav bastanu ivaz kardani B.-ro zakhmbandi menomand. Onro dukhtur yo khohari shafqat bo jo meorad.
B.-ro boyad har odami kalonsol va khonandai sinfhoi boloi guzoshta tavonad. Dar khona beshtar B.-i ustuvorgardonro ba kor mebarand. Onho gunogunshakl buda, bastanashon malakai muayyan mekhohad. B.-i nodurust bastashuda tez bejo megardad yo baraks, boftahoro sakht fishurda, boisi paydoishi dard va ikhtiloli harakati khun meshavad; az bintbandii noqulai gardan nafas tang megardad. Baroi bintbandii murakkab va mushkil donish va malakai makhsus lozim ast.
Qoidahoi asosii ba jarohat pechonidani B. chuninand: 1) B.-i matoash tamyizshudaro bo dasti toza bastan lozim ast; pusti atrofi manbai zakhmro bo spirt, araq, yod yo atr dezinfeksiya kardan shart meboshad. 2) Bemor daroz kashad yo bahuzur shinad, kormandi tib boyad tavre istad, ki rui bemorro binad va hangomi bintbandiash dard shiddat nakunad. Poyro rost, dastro kame qat karda bint mepechonand. Nugi bintro ba dasti chap, kalobaashro ba dasti rost girifta, ba atrofi uzvi jarohatnok pechonidan lozim. Avval qismi borik, bad ohista-ohista joi gafsi uzvi zakhmdorro bintpech mekunand. Du pechishi avvali bint boyad boloi ham boshad. Pechishi minbada boyad nimai qabati peshinaro rupush kunad. Agar dar in holat bint nohamvor va «khalta» shavad, onro chappa kardan lozim ast. Du-se pechishi okhirin boyad monandi pechish yakum boloi ham khob ravand, bad okhiri bintro bo qaychi dudarron karda, gireh mebandand (bo dast darondani nugi bint jarohatro ba dard meorad). 3) Baroi bandina asosan dokai tamyizshuda (dar korkhonai farmatsevti tayyor mekunand)-ro ba kor mebarand. Agar doka naboshad, matoi darzmolshuda yo dokai tozaro istifoda burdan mumkin ast. 4) B. boyad jarohatro purra pushonad, to ki ba zakhm takroran mikrobhoi kasaliovar dokhil nashavand. 5) B. boyad boftahoro fishurda yo tarang nasozad, dardro ziyod va nafasgiriro dushvor nakunad. 6) B.-ro ba har joi badan tavre boyad bast, ki shakhs aziyat nakashad, vaqti zarurat giriftanash osonu bedard boshad. 7) B.-ro bodiqqat va zebo pechonidan lozim, ki uzv (sar, po va g.) ba nazar badnamo natobad.
Durust bastani B. jarohatro az siroyati mikroorganizmho muhofizat namuda, chirku fasodro payvasta majabbad, khunraviro qisman bozmedorad, dardro yak muddat kam mekunad. Az in ru B.-e, ki sarivaqt guzoshta shudaast, inkishofi orizahoi khavfnok (ufunat, gangrena, kuzoz va g.)-ro boz medorad.
B.-i ustuvorgardon. B.-i chaspak (nakleyka)-ro jarrohon baroi bastani zakhmi «toza» (beshtar baroi jarrohi) va manbai chirk, puchchak istifoda mebarand. Avval ba zakhm yo manbai gazak B.-i bintii pakhtador guzoshta, bad bo binti makhsus (dar tarkibash shiresh dorad) mepushonand. CHaspakho baroi tana, gardan va g. khele muvofiqand.
Lasuq (B.-i marhami chaspon) tasmachai borik ast va monandi B.-i chaspak istifoda meshavad. Tasmacharo az boloi B. mechasponand. Lasuqro tarze istifoda burdan lozim ast, ki boftaho (khususan panjaho) tazyiq nayoband, dar aksi hol dard shiddat karda, boftaho kabud meshavand. Jarrohon onro bazan baroi bo ham nazdik kardani kanorahoi jarohat kor mefarmoyand.
B.-i sarbandakshakl. Sarbandaki makhsusi tibbi, matoporai sekunjai durusht (katon, khomsuf va g.), sarbandaki oddii zanona yo ruymolcharo istifoda burdan mumkin ast. Onro, odatan, baroi ba kitf ovezon karda bastani dast kor mefarmoyand. Bo B.-i sarbandakshakl panjai po va dastro niz bastan mumkin ast.
B.-i angori (konturi)-ro baroi joi sukhtagi istifoda mebarand. Onro az lulapechhoi makhsusi pakhtayu dokagi (dar fabrika yo peshaki dar poliklinikayu bemorkhonaho tayyor mekunand) mesozand. Bo B.-i angori yakbora sathi kaloni badanro rupush kardan mumkin ast. Az digar B.-ho bartari dorad. Onro ba joi sukhtagi zud va bedard guzoshtan mumkin (ivaz kardanash niz oson ast).
Bandinai turdor nisbat ba B.-i dokagi chandirtar buda, dar har uzvi badan (sar, po, bandu bugumho va g.) mustahkam va muddati daroz joy megirad. On makhsusan baroi angushton qulay va baroi bastani soqi po yo dast yagona B. ast. Dar mavridi istifodai B.-i turdor pust nafas girifta, joi bastagi araq namekunad.
Bandinai bintii falakhmonshakl baroi bastani zakhmi ruy (beshtar bini va zanakh) peshbini shudaast. Bo in maqsad du nugi bintro burida, bo qismi yaklukhtash jarohat yo joi rimnokro mebandand. Darozii B. boyad ba yakunim pechi girdi sar barobar boshad.
Bandinai mudavvar odditarin bandina ast. Bo on zakhmhoi khurd, mas., dar chashm, gush, sar, gardan, kitf va sarpanjai dastro mebandand.
Bandinai morpechro ba uzvhoi darozi badan (poy, dast) mepechonand. Bintro dar yak khati rost boyad tavre pechond, ki B. shakli khusharo girad.
Bandinai hashtmonand asosan baroi bastani bandu bugum (kitf, orinj, zonu, bandi soqu panjai po) peshbini shudaast. Avval bintro poyontar az band (mas., orinj) basta, bad onro az chuquraki orinj ba sui kitf, soni boz ba tarafi orinj mebarand, ki B. shakli adadi 8-ro megirad. Az in guna B. dast muvaqqat nojubon meshavad. Agar lozim oyad bazan 2 – 3 navi B.-ro yakbora istifoda mekunand.
Bandinahoi makhsus (majozan kulohi Buqrot, bandinai neapolitani va g. menomand) va tainotashon aniqro kormandoni tib dar ambulatoriyayu bemorkhonaho istifoda mekunand.
Ivaz kardani B. dar khona man ast, chunki bo in kor jarohat siroyatnok meshavad. Az jarohatbandii nouhdabaroyona shiddat giriftani dard, khunravi va dig. orizaho ajab nest. Bemor boyad nisbat ba B. beetinoi nakunad, ba bejo shudani on roh nadihad. B. boyad hamesha (hangomi kor ham) pokiza boshad (bo in maqsad az dastpushak istifoda mebarand).
Bandinai tazyiqovar asosan baroi bozdoshtani khunravi ast. Az boloi bandina bolishtaki pakhtayu binti guzoshta, sakht bintbandi mekunand. Istifodai B.-i tazyiqovar ba zakhmi chuqurchai zeri zonu khavfnok ast, chunki harakati khun dar sharayoni po qat gashta, boisi inkishofi gangrena meshavad.