Dar bisyor sohahoi tekhnika, tib, biologiya va gayra bazan lozim meoyad, ki az datchikhoi beruna signalho ba kompyuter dokhil va bad tahlil karda shuda, dar asosi in malumotho tajhizoti beruna idora karda shavand. Masalan, dar bemorkhonahoi zamonavi imkoniyati ba marizhoi duchori kasalihoi dil payvast namudani datchikho mavjud ast, ki onho …

Tavre ki allakay medonem, kompyuter metavonad, informatsiyai tabiati dilkhohdoshtaro kor karda baroyad. Informatsiya metavonad adadi, matni, grafiki, tasviri, sadoi va gayra boshad. Az tarafi digar mo medonem, ki kompyuter tanho bo kodhoi duyi kor karda metavonad. Pas savole ba miyon meoyad, ki informatsiyai gunogun az tarafi kompyuter chi tavr kor …

Strimer – tajhizotest, ki baroi nigoh doshtani informatsiya dar lentahoi magniti khizmat merasonad. Strimerho beshtar baroi nigoh doshtani nuskhahoi ehtiyotii informatsiyai dar vinchester mahfuzbuda istifoda burda meshavand. Informatsiya dar kassetahoi (katrij) lentahoi magniti sabt karda meshavad. Strimerho dar istifodabari khele sodda buda, imkoniyati az hama arzontarini nigohdorii informatsiyaro faroham meovarand. Strimerho …

Modem va faks-modem. Baroi on istifodabarandagoni kompyuter, ki khohishi istifodabarii shabakai globalii elektronii InteqNet-ro dorand, mekhohand bo pochtai elektroni kor kunand, berun az ofis bo yorii shabakai lokalii firmaashon imkoniyati ravon va qabul namudani informatsiyaro doshta boshand, ba vositai kompyuter faksro ravon va qabul karda tavonand, zarur ast, ki onho …

Printer (Printer – tajhizoti chopkuni) asbobest, ki baroi dar kogaz khorij namudani informatsiya khizmat merasonad. Ba vositai printer na tanho informatsiyai matni, balki rasmu grafikhoro niz chop namudan mumkin ast. Printerho ham ba misli monitorho informatsiyai tasvirshavandaro dar namudi ranga va siyohu safed khorij karda metavonand. Printerhoi ranga az printerhoi …

Agar baroi shakhsi navomuz dar nazari avval bloki sistemavii kompyuter qismi az hama kam–ahamiyat namoyad ham, vale mahz hamin qism qismi assositarin va muhimtarini kompyuter ba hisob meravad. Dar bloki sistemavi tamomi tajhizoti markazii kompyuter joygir shudaand:  skhemahoi elektronie, ki kori kompyuterro tamin va idora mekunand – mikroprotsessor, khotirai …

Hotirai kompyuter pas az mikroprotsessor elementi duyumi asosi hisobida meshavad. Vazifai asosii khotira az nigoh doshtani informatsiya iborat ast. Kompyuter yakchand namudi khotiraro dorad. Hotirai asosi, ki yagon kompyuter be on kor karda nametavonad, dar shakli mikroskhema (chip) sokhta shudaast. Hotirai asosiro ba khotirahoi favri va doimi taqsim mekunand. Ba …

Tavre ki allakay medonem, dar kompyuterhoi IBM PC funksiyahoi khotirai berunaro diskho va digar barandagoni informatsiya mebozand. Onho asosan baroi sabt namudan, az yak kompyuter ba kompyuteri digar kuchonidan va duru daroz yo muvaqqatan nigoh doshtani informatsiyai lozimi, istifoda burda meshavand. Masalan, vinchester, diskhoi magnitii andozaashon khurd (disketho), diskhoi magnitooptiki, …

Mikroprotsessor – elementi az hama muhimtarin va markazii kompyuter ba shumor meravad. Onro bazan «maynai» kompyuter ham meguyand. Mikroprotsessor skhemai elektronii nachandon kalon (hamagi yak-chand santimetr) buda, ba vositai on hamai qismhoi kompyuter idora, amalhoi arifmetikiyu mantiqi ijro va informatsiya kor karda baromada meshavand. Mikroprotsessor metavonad sadho namud amaliyotro, az …

Kompyuterhoi nasli yakum (solhoi 40-50) tajhizoti khele kalon budand. Baroi jo ba jo guzoshtani qismhoi onho tolorhoi vase lozim bud. Masalan, yake az avvalin MEH, ki ENIAC (Eniak) nom dosht va soli 1946 sokhta shuda, 30 tonna vazn, ziyoda az 30 metr darozi va 1,5 million dollar narkh dosht. Baroi …