Tuli geografi

30.04.2019 189 Views

Tuli geografi yake az koordinathoi geografi meboshad. On mavqei in va yo on nuqtaro dar sathi Zamin nisbat ba khati nisfiruzii asosi yo ibtidoy (meridiani asosi) muayyan mekunad. Az in jo masofai kunjii in va yo on nuqtaro dar sathi Zamin az khati nisfiruzii asosi, ki bo daraja ifoda meyobad. tuli geografi menomand.

Hati nisfiruzii asosi az boloi rasadkhonai Grinvij, ki dar nazdikii shahri London voqe gardidaast, meguzarad. Muvofiqi shartnomai baynalkhalqy onro hamchun khati nisfiruzii asosi (meridiani asosi) yo ibtidoi qabul kardaand. Hati nisfiruzii ibtidoi kurai Zaminro ba du qismi barobar judo mekunad, ki Nimkurai SHarqi va Nimkurai Garbi meguyand. Tamomi nuktahoe, ki dar tarafi sharqi khati nisfiruzy yo ibtidoy dar Nimkurai SHarky voqe gardidaand, tuli sharqy (mukhtasar t.sh.). tamomi nuqtahoe, ki dar tarafi garbi khati nisfiruzy yo ibtidoi.

Garbi joygir shudaand, tuli garbi nom dorand. Darajahoi tuli khar khati nisfiruzi dar joi khati istivoro burida guzashtani onho navishta shudaand. Az rui in darachaho tuli geografii har yak nuqtaro dar sathi Zamin muayyan mekunand. Hisob kardani tul ham monandi hisob kardani arz meboshad. Faqat farqdar in jost, ki hisobkunii darajai arz az tarafi khati istivo, hisobkunii darajai tul az khati nisfiruzi yo ibtidoi (ba samti sharq va garb) ibtido meyobad.

Masalan, shahri Dushanbe az khati nisfiruzii 60° ba tarafi sharq joygir shudaast. Baroi yoftani tuli on kamonaki khati muvozii bayni in khati nisfiruzy va Dushanbero hisob mekunem, ki on ba 8° barobarast. Onro ba 60° jam menamoem. Dar natija muayyan megardad, ki shahri Dushanbe dar 68° tuli sharqy voqe gardidaast (Bo hamin uslub dar globus tuln Vladivostokro muayyan kuned).

Hamin tavr. khar yak nuqta dar sagkhi Zamin doroi arz va tul meboshad, ki koordinatkhoi geografii onro tashkil menamoyand.

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