Home / Gunogun / MUNOSIBATHOI IJTIMOIYU IQTISODI. Kishovarzi dar asri XVI

MUNOSIBATHOI IJTIMOIYU IQTISODI. Kishovarzi dar asri XVI

Dar asri XVI asosi khojagii qishloq dehqoni bud. Zamin bsshtar dar dasti davlat bud. Hon yo sulton ba kase, ki mekhost zaminro inom mekard. Kalontarin zamindoroni mulk azoyoni sershumori khonadoni saltanati budand.

Mulkhoi kaloni inomshudaro suyurgol menomndand. Sohiboni suyurgol lar navbati khud yak qismi davlatii mulkashonro ba zumrahoi nisbatan khurdi ayonu ashrof taqsim karda metavonistand.

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Digar namudi istifodabari az zamin mulki feodali bud, ki qismi foidoti on ba foidai davlat va qismi digarash ba nafi sohibi zamin istifoda meshud.

Namudi savvumi zamin “zsiini hurri kholis” nom doigg. Sohiboni in mulk az andozi davlati ozod budand. In namud zamnnho dar asri XVI khele kam bud.

Namudi chahorumi zamin —vaqf, yane zamini khayriya bud. Az mahsuli on masjidu madrasavu khonaqohho istifoda meburdand. YO khud az hisobi daromadi zamini vaqf pulu rohho sokhta yo tamir karda meshudand. Zamini vaqf taqsimnopazir va umuman dastnoras donista meshud.

Namudi panjumi zamin — mulkhoi dehqonon bud, ki khudi onho kor karda hosil megiriftand. Vaziyati dehqononi sohibmulk nazar ba dehqononi ijoranishin behtar bud. Inchunin onho nazar ba qismati boqimondai korandagoni zamin yak daraja imtiyozho doshtand. Masalan, ba davlat kamtar khiroj mesuporidand.

Ba gayr az zaminhoi nomburda dar Osiyon Miyona tiindorii jimo- ivi (obshinagi) hanuz vujud dosht.

Oloti korii dehqonon asosan omoch, dos, kalandu bel bud. Bo hamin oloti oddi dehqon gandumu jav, juvori, arzan, sholi, moshu nakhud va digar mahsuli khojagiashro ruyonida, zaminro obyori mekard. Dar boghoi atrofi shahrho va dehot seb, nok, zardolu, chormagz va olu parvarish mekardand. YAke az sohahoi serdaromad istehsoli guza (pakhta) va kirmakparvari bud. Matohoi abreshimi kosiboni Movarounnahr ba davlathoi hamsoya ba furush meraft.Mahsuloti polezi, kishti kharbuzavu tarbuz, sabzivu piyoz yake az sohahoi mamul va mufidi khojagii dehqoni bud.

Aksar dehqonon zamini kam doshtand. Vale zamindorone niz budand, ki zamini kishtashon dar hududi yakchand nohiya yo viloyat joygir bud. YAke az zamindoroni kalontarin Hojahoi Juybori dar asri XVI maqomi khosro ishgol mekardand. Masalan, Hoja Sad to 17 hazor ga zamin, yakchand hazor sar moli maydavu kalon va boghoi kalonro sohibi mekard. Hojahoi Juybori dar vodii Hisor niz sohibi zaminhoi kisht budand.

Baroi istifodai zamin dehqonon ba davlat andoz mesuporidand, ki onro moluchahot yo khiroj menomidand. Az 30 to 40 foizi daromadi dehqon sarfi andoz meshud. Az bogho va tokzorho tanobona megiriftand. Dar asri XVI in namud andoz bo mablagi naqd sitonida meshud. Mansabdoron dar mahalho az davlat maosh namegiriftand. Aholi vazifador bud andozro bo nomi muhosilona yo zobitona suporad. Mablagi suporida baroi maoshi mansabdoroni mahalho sarf meshud.

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