GELMINTOZHO

GELMINTOZHO (Helminthosis), bemorihoi odam, hayvonot va rastani, ki gelmintho (kirmhoi parazit) ba vujud meorand. G.-i odam vobasta ba angezanda ba chunin guruhho judo meshavand: trematodozho (angezandaashon trematodaho – kijjahoi makanda), sestodozho (angezandaashon sestodaho – tasmakirmho), namatodozho (angezandaashon nematodaho – lundakirmho) va akantosefalyozho (angezandaashon akantosefalaho – kirmhoi khorsar).
Odam beshtar ba chunin G. duchor meshavad: opistorkhoz, difillobotrioz, gimenolepidoz, teniidozho, ekhinokokkoz, askaridoz, ankilostomidozho, trikhinellyoz, trikhosefallyoz, enterobioz.
G. vobasta ba sikli inkishofi gelmintho ba du guruh – geogelmintozho va biogelmintozho judo meshavand. Roh va tarzi intiqoli gelmintho gunogun buda, ba khususiyati biologii parazit vobasta meboshand. Tukhm yo kirminai angezandai geogelmintozho biduni ishtiroki homil inkishof meyobad. Onho az organizmi homil ba vositai najosat ba muhit (khok, ob va g.) aftoda, dar on jo bolig va qobili siroyat megardand. Odam az gelmintho ba tavassuti dasti noshusta, sabzavotu meva, ob, gardu chang va g. siroyat meyobad. Kirminai angezandai ankilostomidozho hangomi tamos ba khok (poyluch gashtan, dar rui zamin daroz kashidan va g.) az pust ba organizm meguzarad.
Angezandai biogelmintozho faqat bo ishtiroki du yo chand homil (nihoi, mobayni va bazan ilovagi) inkishof meyobad. Biogelmintozho ba odam dar natijai istemoli gushti siroyatnoki nopukhta (teniorinkhoz), gushti khuk (tenioz), mohi (difillobotrioz), kharchang, kharchangi obi tasir merasonand. Oshomidani obi nojushonida niz baroi sar zadani G. sharoiti musodi faroham meorad. Siroyat az filyariatozho boshad, dar natijai gazidani magasho va dig. hasharot ba vuqu mepayvandad.
Navhoi gunoguni gelmintho dar uzvu boftahoi muayyan maskun shuda, onro illatnok mekunand. Zuhuroti bemori gunogun buda, ba navi kirm va shumorai on, joygiri, holati umumii organizm va g. vobasta ast. Hangomi G. mariz kharob, tundmizoj, behol meshavad, sarash charkh mezanad. Agar kijja dar ruda maskun shavad, qabziyat yo ishol, dilbehuzuri, bazan qay ba vujud meoyad; agar kirmho dar jigar joy girand, bemorro zardi zer mekunad; qijjai shush sulfa meorad. Dar mavridi giriftori ba G. qobiliyati kori sust shuda, inkishofi ruhiyu jismonii kudakon khalal meyobad, onho der ba balogat merasand, kundzehn meshavand.
Baroi tabobati G. az doruhoi kijjakush istifoda mekunand. Degelmintizatsiya, odatan, samarai khub meorad. Dar mavridi baze G. (ekhinokokkoz, alveokokkoz) amaliyoti jarrohi meguzaronand.
Bo maqsadi peshgirii G. rioyai qoidahoi sanitarii zerin hatmi meboshad: pesh az istemoli gizo va tahiyai khurok, shustani daston; sarivaqt giriftani nokhunho, khosa dar kudakon; qabl az istifoda shustani mevayu sabzavot va dar obi jush tar kardani onho; nushidani obe, ki bezarar gardonda shudaast, jushonida istifoda kardani obi juy va kanalho; nest kardani magasho – pahnkunandagoni tukhmi gelmintho; nazorati vazi sanitarii dehaho, peshgiri kardani iflosii obu khok; az muoinai dukhturon guzarondani aholi; hangomi korhoi vobasta ba zamin pushidani poyafzor va dastak.
Bemorro nafaqat az kirm najot dodan (yane tabobat namudan), balki tukhmi kirmhoro nest kardan lozim. On goh shakhs takroran ba on giriftor nameshavad. CHunin tadbiri mushtaraki peshgiri va tabobatro degelmintizatsiya menomand.

SH. Matinov.