ZARDOB

ZARDOB (Serum), moddahoero guyand, ki baroi peshgiri va tabobati bemorihoi siroyati yo rafi zahroludi (az zahri mikrobho yo hayvonot) istifoda mebarand. Hosiyati tabobati va muhofizatii Z. ba tasiri payvasthoi makhsus – podtanho (jismhoi zidd) vobasta ast; onho omilhoi bemorihoro daryoft namuda, bezarar megardonand (nig. Immunitet). Podtanho dar natijai ba organizmi odam yo hayvonot roh yoftani safedahoi begona, bakteriyaho va g. paydo shuda, muddati daroz va bazan tamomi umr dar zardobi khun boqi memonand. Az hamin sabab shakhsone, ki baze amrozi siroyatiro az sar guzaronidaand, takroran ba on giriftor nameshavand, yane muvaqqat yo abadi immuniteti ustuvor paydo mekunand. Podtanho tasiri khos dorand; onho metavonand faqat hamon omilhoero bezarar gardonand, ki sababgori paydoishashon shudaand. Podtanho badi ba organizmi hayvonot yo odam guzaronidani vaksinaho (angezandahoi kushta yo zaifkardai bemorihoi guzaranda, ki baroi muhofizat az bemori va muolija ba organizm guzaronda meshavand) niz ba vujud meoyand. Baroi hosil kardani miqdori ziyodi Z., odatan, ba hayvonot (khargush, kalamushi obi, asp) kame vaksina guzaronida, sipas az khuni onho Z. tayyor mekunand.
Bar khilofi immuniteti faole, ki dar jarayoni bemori yo dar natijai guzarondani vaksina ba vujud meoyad, immuniteti az Z. hosilshuda nofaol ast, chunki dar in holat organizm podtanhoi tayyorro qabul karda, khud onhoro tahiya namekunad. Baroi inkishofi chunin immunitet hamagi chand soat vaqt lozim ast, vale muqovamati on bisyor (az 1 moh ziyod) davom namekunad. Binobar in, kushish mekunand, ki Z.-ro har chi zudtar – pesh az sar shudani bemori (favran badi siroyat yoftan) ba organizm guzaronand (in amalro chand marotiba takror boyad kard). Dar in surat bemori umuman inkishof nameyobad yo paydo shavad ham, sabuk meguzarad. Agar omili bemoriovar mahsuli zahrdori mikroorganizmho, yane toksinho boshad (hangomi guluzindonak, kuzoz, botulizm), on goh Z.-i ziddi in yo on bemori chun pozahri makhsus tasir merasonad. Dar in surat onhoro zardobhoi pozahri menomand.
Bar ziddi zahri kubro, afi, gurza, gunda, kajdum va dig. hayvonoti zahrdor istifoda burdani Z. ahamiyati kalon dorad. Z. hangomi gazidani jonvaroni zahrnok moddai az hama tasirbakhsh va bazan vositai yagonai muhofizat meboshad.
Z.-ro baroi tashkhisi bemorihoi siroyatii virusi va bakteriyavi niz ba kor mebarand. Tashkhis ba khosiyati podtanhoi Z., ki bo antigenhoi dakhldori mikroorganizmho ba tavri makhsus payvast megardand, asos yoftaast. Majmui antigen-podtani hosilshuda ba tufayli reaksiyahoi gunogun oshkor karda meshavad.