Vobastagi ba energiya

Jismi organizmhoi zinda yak nav sistemai «kushoda» buda, ba on energiya dokhil meshavad. Mafhumi «kushoda» az fizika girifta shudaast. Zeri mafhumi «kushoda» sistemai dar holati faoliyat qarordoshta fahmida meshavad. CHunin sistema to vaqte poydor ast, ki ba on az muhiti beruna beist energiya vorid shavad. Hamin tavr, organizmhoi zinda to zamone vujud doshta metavonand, ki az muhiti berun energiya va materiyaro dar shakli gizo girand.

Boyad guft, ki organizmhoi zinda baraksi mavjudoti tabiati gayrizinda az muhiti beruna tavassuti parda (dar yakhujayraho pardai berunii hujayra, dar serhujayraho boftai pushish) judo shudaand. Parda mubodilai moddahoro bayni organizm va muhiti zist mushkil megardonad, talafi moddaro kam karda fazoi yagonaro nigoh medorad.

Hamin tariq, organizmhoi zinda az mavjudoti tabiati gayrizinda bo murakkabi, sokhtor va faoliyat farq dorand. CHunin farqiyat ba hayot khosiyathoi sifatan nav medihad. Hayot zinai makhsusi inkishofi materiya ast.

Dar borai mohiyati hayot bisyor olimon aqida bayon kardaand. YAk guruh olimon bar on fikrand, ki hayotro muhitbarandai khosiyathoi on, masalan, safeda muayyan mekunad.

Guruhi digar mohiyati hayotro az majmui makhsusi ravandhoi fizikaviyu khimiyavi iborat medonand. Tarifi malumi F.Engels «hayot tarzi mavjudiyati jismi safeda meboshad, jihati muhimi in tarif mubodilai doimii modda bo muhiti beruna meboshad. Az qat shudani in mubodila hayot ham qat shuda, safedaho vayron meshavand». In tarifro faqat zohiran ba guruhi avval dokhil kardan mumkin ast, chunki F.Engels na safedai asli, balki strukturahoe, ki safeda dorand, onhoro dar nazar dosht. Az tarafi digar, mubodilai modda meyori yagonai hayot shuda nametavonad.

Dar shakli umumi mohiyati hayotro chunin muayyan kardan mumkin ast: sokhtori faoli makhsus, ki baroi boqi mondan va takroran hosil shudan, energiyai az muhiti beruna giriftaro sarf mekunad, hayot nom dorad.