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TIJORATI MIYONRAVI VA BARQ

Iqtisodi shuravi dar umum va sanoat hamchun yak juzi on ba tavri khos amal mekard. Korkhonavu muassisahoi istehsoli muvofiqi farmoish mahsulot tavlid mekardand va ba qimati arzishi asli onro ba davlat mesupurdand. Dar ivaz davlat maoshi kormandon va hazinahoi istehsolotro mepardokht va mahsulotro az tariqi sohai savdo ba furush mebarovard. Davlat az furush moliyot megirift va sohahoi ijtimoi, az qabili maorif, tandurusti, farhang va gayraro mablagguzori mekard, ki baroi shahrvandon bepul bud.

Odamon ba maoshi giriftaashon chizhoi mavridi niyozashonro, ki faqat dar hamin nizom tavlid shudaast, mekharidand, ki dar asl yak nizomi tabdili mol bud. YAne tavlidkunanda moli khudro namefurukht, foida ba dast nameovard, dar bozor umuman ishtirok namekard, balki muvofiqi naqshai farmoish mol istehsol mekard.

Kolkhoz mahsuloti kishovarzi tavlid karda, ba davlat mesupurd, korkhonahoi sanoati molhoi sanoatii mavridi niyozro istehsol karda, niz ba davlat mesupurdand va dar ivazash ba koloi istehsolkardai hamdigar dastrasi paydo mekardand. Onho bo ham mustaqim robita nadoshtand. Har kadom dar dokhili nizomi khud, ki az Maskav to mintaqaho silsilai amudi dosht, amal mekardand. Nizomi savdoi davlati hamchun robita dar bayni onho bud. Bo poshkhurii SHuravi khususiyati miyonravii davlat dar bayni in vohidho az bayn rafta boshad ham, yak muddat korkhonaho bo inersiyai peshina az hisobi zakhirahoi khud mahsulot tavlid mekardand, vale az sababi on, ki robitaho bo qabulkunandaho gusasta bud, mahsulot dar anborashon monda bud va shadidan ba miyonrav niyoz doshtand.

YAk vaqt ba muassisai «Barqi Tojik» masolehi sokhtmoni furukhtem. Onho dar pardokht mushkil mekashidand va guftand, ki dar ruyondani qarzhoyashon az korkhonaho mushkil dorand. Zero on vaqtho anbori korkhonaho pur az mahsulot boshad ham, onho nametavonistand onro misli qabl ba Rusiyavu Ukraina va jumhurihoi digar, ki in mahsulot baroi onho tavlid meshud, bifiristand, robitahoi iqtisodi gusasta budu bisyore az on korkhonaho ham az kor monda budand. Davlat ham digar hazinahoi istehsoli, az jumla puli barqro pardokht namekard va korkhonaho dar nazdi «Barqi Tojik» qarzdor shuda monda budand. «Barqi Tojik» baroi pardokhti qarzash ba mo noma dod va mo ba ivazi qarzi dar peshi mo doshtaash, az yake az korkhonaho mahsuloti tayyorro girifta, furukhtem va gayriintizor foidai beshtar ham ba dast ovardem. Hamin tavr, man orom-orom voridi in navi tijorat, yane miyonravi baroi pardokhti qarzi barqi korkhonaho ba shirkati «Barqi Tojik» shudam. YAne, bar asosi darkhosti «Barqi tojik», mo molhoi mavridi niyozi onro tamin mekardem, in muassisa peshi mo qarzdor meshud va ba mo fehristi korkhonahoi qarzdorashro medod. Mo az korkhonaho ruykhati molhoi mavjudashonro megiriftem va pas az omukhtani talaboti bozor ba on molho, az «Barqi Tojik» darkhosti noma baroi hisobbarobarkunii setarafa mekardem va bar asosi in noma mahsuloti in korkhonahoro girifta, ba furush va sodiroti on mepardokhtem. In hamkori miyoni mo va in korkhonaho, ki goliban korkhonahoi shahri Dushanbe va baze korkhonahoi Hujand budand, khele duru daroz va purmahsul idoma kard.

Mahsuloti in korkhonaho gunogun budand va hajmi kor khele bolo bud. Az in sabab, bazan az shinosho davat mekardem, to dar furushi in kolo hamkori kunand va baroi khudashon ham foida ba dast orand. Masalan, bore yak korkhona, ki tavlidi ducharkharo ba roh monda bud, ba mo ba ivazi qarzi barqash du vagon ducharkha dod, ki tamomi donishjuyoni shinos dar vaqthoi kholiyashon tuli chand moh dar bozorho ducharkha mefurukhtand. Bo in roh ham kori mo mecharkhid, ham onho puli khube ba dast meo- vardand. Bori digar yak anbor tukhmi murgro ba hamin minvol girifta, furukhtem. Dar hamin asno Abdulhakim Donishgohi pizishkiro tamom karda boshad ham, ba kasbi pizishki mashgul nashud. On zamon pizishkon muzdi korii nochize daryoft me- kardand va gayr az in, u vazifai khudash medonist, ki ba man yori kunad. U khohishi maro, ki mekhostam ba pizishki mashgul shavad, rad karda, bo isror dar shirkat ba kor ogoz kard va ba zudi baroi man takyagoh va shariki khube shud.

Gardishhoi kalon ba vujud omada boshad ham, puli ba dast ovardaamon zud qurbashro gum mekard. Narkh dar bozor ba tavri ruzafzun bolo meraft, tavarrum dar moh metavonist sad dar sad bolo ravad. Masalan, agar imruz yak dona non 10 sum istad, bad az yak moh narkhi on 20 sum va hatto beshtar ham meshud. Tamomi kushishi maro in tavarrum nochiz mekard, puli kor- kardaam bad az muddate ba khoki siyoh barobar meshud.

In jo boyad yak masalai muhimro barrasi kunam, ki ba oyandai kishvar tasiri amiq guzosht. Dar natijai tavarrum va islohoti moli maoshi kormandon ba mizoni khandaovar past shud. Nafarone budand, ki hatto maoshashon ba chor somoni dar moh rasida bud. Maoshi kormandoni sohahoi ijtimoi, omuzgoron va pizishkon hatto ba khurdu khurokashon kifoyat na- mekard. Odamon az hissi minnatdori baroi khizmatashon ba onho yori mekardand. Ohista-ohista in yordamho khususiyati hameshagi va munazzam girifta, rishvaro dar in sohaho bunyodi kard.

Maoshi kormandoni maqomoti qudrati niz az maoshi kor- mandoni ijtimoi beshtar nabud. Onho qudrati dar dastashon budaro hamchun abzor istifoda karda, az mardum rishva yo pora mesitondand. CHun kormandoni sohahoi ijtimoi va maqomoti qudrati aksari dastandarkoronro tashkil mekardand, padidai fasod dar jomea roij gasht, yak chizi mamuli shud va imruzho rishva nadodan gayriodi menamoyad. In jo khonandai borikbin hatman ba yodi matlabi roij shudani haromkhuri dar jomea meaftad. Bale, baroi fasod dar afkori jomea bistari munosib gusturda shuda bud. Mutaassifona, in padidai baroi kishvar khatarnok nihodina shuda, doge dar peshonii kishvar va moneai buzurge dar rohi rushdi on shudaast.

Dar robita bo fasodzadagii in sohaho tazodi ajibe joy aftodaast. Maoshi kormandoni onho holo ham khele bolo nest. Vale ba in nigoh nakarda, baroi dokhil shudan ba rishtahoi in sohaho dar donishgohho raqobat sakht ast. Donishjuyon medonand, ki bad az khatmi donishgoh maoshi rasmiyashon ba ruzguzaroni kifoyat namekunad va az qabl ba umedi rishvavu poraand. YAne in padidai nangin juzi afkori umumi shuda, digar kase na az dodan va na az giriftani pora sharm namekunad.

Dar in muddat davlat se marotiba islohoti puli guzarond. Bori avval az puli shuravi ba rubli rusi, bori duvum az rubli rusi ba rubli tojiki va dar nihoyat az rubli tojiki ba somoni guzashtem. Har yak az in islohot ba kori mo zarba mezad. Di- gar ba mahzi ba dast omadani pul, onro ba arzi khoriji, khona, moshin va gayra tabdil medodam, vale hamon ham na hamesha muyassar meshud. Doim sari on meandeshidam, ki chi guna gar- dishro bo arz ba roh monam, to ki az in tavarrum khalos shavam.

YAk ruz hamkursam Komronro vokhurdam va chun guft, ki dar shirkati pakhtafurushii on zamon marufi «Zafarobod» kor mekunad, man zud ba u peshnihodi hamkori dodam.

Mo bo Komron dar fakultai sharqshinosii donishgoh, u dar shubai zaboni arabi, man – urdu barobar khondaem. Vale badi ba Hind raftani man, Komron yak sol pesh az man Donishgohro khatm karda bud va mo taqriban du-se sol hamdigarro nadida budem. Komron, farzandi ustodi farzona Sorbon, fardi khele oromu botamkin va qobili etimod ast. Dar tuli in solhoi dushvor hamesha yake az takyagohhoi man budaast va umedvoram, ki man ham baroyash chunin sifatro ado karda bosham.

Anbori yake az korkhonahoi buzurgi shahri Dushanbe az qism- hoi zarurii korkhonahoi pakhtatozakuni pur bud, vale chun far- moishgari qabliyash digar mablagguzori namekard, in mahsulot rui dastash monda bud. Ana hamin qismhoi ehtiyotiro man ba Komron peshnihod kardam, zero raisi in korkhona az mo khosta bud, ki mahsulotashro bigirem va qarzashro peshi shirkati «Barqi Tojik» sof kunem.

Vaqte man ba Komron dar borai miyonraviyam bayni «Barqi Tojik» va korkhonaho naql kardam, Komron az man khost, to qarzi kolkhozero ham, ki bo onho kor mekard, dar nazdi «Barqi tojik» pardokht bikunem. In kor baroi mo aslan mushkil nabud. U dar khususi qarzi on kolkhoz noma ovard, mo ham ba «Barqi Tojik» noma navishtem, to qarzi on khojagiro az hisobi mo kam kunand. Ba hamin surat, qarzi in kolkhoz dar nazdi «Barqi Tojik» sifr shud va khojagi az mo qarzdor shud.

Ruze Komron boz hamrohi raisi hamon kolkhoz ba nazdam omada guft, ki vaqti kishtu kor astu mablagguzori az sui shir- katashon der meshavad va khele khohish kard, to baroi kolkhoz mavodi sukht bidihem. Dasti mo boz bud va ba miqdori khostaash mavodi sukht ham baroyash dodem. Hamin tavr, qarzi kolkhoz dar nazdi mo beshtar shud. Raisi kolkhoz vada medod, ki qarzi moro pardokht mekunad, vale chun pul nadosht, nametavonist in korro anjom bidihad. U yak miqdor pakhta dosht va ba umedi furukhtani on bud, to in ki qarzhoi moro bidihad. CHun ba furushi on muvaffaq nashud, ruze ba mo peshnihod kard, ki dar ivazi qarzash on pakhtaro bigirem. Man, ki aslan bo pakhta sarukor nadoshtam, guftam, ki man pakhta nafurukhtaam va hech tajribavu irtibotote ham dar in zamina nadoram va behtar ast khudash pakhtaashro bifurushadu puli moro bidihad.

Dar hamin asno, ruze manu Komron ba Hujand baroi bas- tani qarordodi on qismhoi ehtiyoti parvoz doshtem va dar in parvoz du mehmoni khoriji ham budand, ki mehmoni raisi shirkati «Zafarobod» budaand va u moro dar furudgoh bo onho shinos karda bud. YAke az onho Richard Lorin va digari Jon Sted nom dosht. Richard raisi shubai svissii shirkati amrikoii «Danavant» va Jon kormandi arshadi on va masuli ravobit bo Osiyoi Miyona budaast.

Man, ki zaboni inglisiro balad budam, bo in mehmonon suhbat kardam va zimni suhbat fahmidam, ki onho baroi khari- dani pakhta omadaand va tijoratashon pakhta ast. Man ba onho hikoyat kardam, ki yak kolkhoz ba mo dar ivazi qarze, ki dorad, pakhta peshnihod mekunad, vale mo tajribai furushi pakhtaro nadorem. Onho bo isror khohish kardand, ki on pakhtaro bigiramu ba onho bifurusham. Qarzi kolkhoz, ki ruyondanash mushkil shuda bud, man in fursatro musoid yoftam, zero hisobam bo on kolkhoz barobar meshud. Mo ba tavofuq rasidem va onho az Toshkand baroi barrasi va namunagiri korshinos firistodand. Tarzi kori pakhtafurushi chunin ast, ki qabl az hamlu naqli on, boyad namunabardori va shinosoi shavad. Mo on pakhtaro furukhtem va hisobamonro bo kolkhoz barobar kardem. In vokhuri va ingli- sidonii man sabab shud, ki orom-orom mo qadami avvalro dar muhimtarin bakhshi iqtisodi kishvar – tijorati pakhta guzorem.

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