KARIESI DANDON

KARIESI DANDON (Caries dentium), khurai dandon, bemorii mamuli dandonho. Hangomi K. d. boftaho narmu vayron va dandon surokh megardad. K. d. dar ovoni javoni ruy medihad. Dar kudakon beshtar dandonhoi kursii avval ba karies duchor meshavand.
Sababhoi paydoishi K. d. alhol purra muayyan nashudaast. Vale yak chiz malum ast, ki tagziyai nodurust, mas., bisyor istemol kardani qandu gizohoi khamiri, narasidani vitaminho, kalsiy va fosfor, kam istemol kardani sabzavotu meva (vaqti jovidani onho dandonho khud ba khud toza meshavand), nigohubini nodurusti dandonho ba inkishofi K. d. musoidat mekunand. Azbaski mabdai dandonho hanuz dar 5 – 6 haftagii janin (dar batn) tashakkul meyobad, tagziyai nodurust va bemorihoi davrai homilagii modar niz boisi ba K. d. giriftor shudani kudak megardand. Dar baze nohiyahoi jugrofi dar tarkibi ob ftor namerasad. In holat, albatta, ba dandoni kudakon be tasir namemonad. K. d. dar mavridi khuruji tablarza va bemorihoi siroyatii vaznin, dar davrai ba balogat rasidani kudakon (alalkhusus dukhtaron) niz mushohida meshavad. Huruji beshtari K. d. ba davrai homilagi vobasta ast. Sababi on tagiyroti fiziologii organizmi modar, digargunii faoliyati gadudhoi usorai dokhili, ikhtiloli mubodilai moddaho (binobar tashakkuli skeleti janin bisyor zarur shudani kalsiy) mahsub meshavand.
Ogozi K. d., odatan, noayon memonad, chunki qarib yagon nishona nadorad; bazan dar gilofaki dandon yo nazdi vora doghoi burmonand yo zardcha namoyon meshavand, ki alomati tagyir yoftani sirri dandon ast. Minbad sirri hamin joi dandon narm meshavad (onro faqat dukhtur bo asbobhoi makhsus oshkor mekunad). In illatro kariesi sathi menomand. Dar in davra hangomi ba dandon rasidani chizi shirin, tursh, bo chutka shustani dandon dard ba vujud meoyad. Surokhi tadrijan chuqur va ustukhoni dandon vayron meshavad, agar ba surokhi khurok daroyad yo obi garmu khunuk rasad, dard mekunad (badi dur kardani angeza dardi dandon zud bartarf megardad). In davrai kariesi amiq ast. Agar sarivaqt ba dukhturi dandon murojiat karda, illati karies bozdoshta nashavad, bakteriyaho ba magzi dandon – pulpa medaroyand va on gazak megirad (nig. Pulpit). Hamzamon bo in pulpite, ki tabobat nayoftaast ahvolro vaznintar karda, boisi gazaki boftahoi atrofi reshai dandon megardad (nig. Periodontit). K. d.-hoi shiri va doimii bachahoi sinni maktabi nisbat ba kalonsolon zudtar ba amal meoyad. Dar davomi 1 – 1,5 sol dandon vayron shuda, orizahoi gunogun sar mezanand. Bazan dandon dar zeri plomba niz az kor mebaroyad. Sabab dar on ast, ki boftahoi sakhti dandoni bachaho nisbat ba kalonsolon kamtar ohak bastaand va ba tasiri mikroorganizmho chandon bardosht nadorand.
K. d.-ro dukhturi stomatolog tabobat mekunad. Muolijaro har chi peshtar, dar ibtidoi paydoishi surokhi, ogoz boyad kard. Muolija az korkardi makhsus va plomba kardani dandonhoi illati iborat ast. Vaqti toza kardani surokhi dandon va plomba guzoshtan ba kariesi sathi odam dardro his namekunad. Azbaski tabobati kariesi amiq dardnok meshavad, binobar in mavridi muolija az usuli bedardgardoni istifoda mebarand.
Peshgirii K. d. ba manoi vaseash boyad dar davrai homilagi ogoz yobad: tabobati bemorihoi zani homila; istemoli gizoi khushsifate, ki ba miqdori zaruri safeda, ravgan, karbogidrat, vitaminu namakhoi minerali, khususan kalsiy va fosfor dorad (onho baroi bunyodi skeleti janin va mubodilai moddahoi homilagon khele muhimand) va g. Hamai in baroi inkishofi janin, az jumla, bunyodi durusti mabda va tashakkuli minbadai dandonho zaminai musoid faroham meorand.
Ba navzodho va kudakoni shirmak, agar khurondani shiri sina gayriimkon boshad, omekhtahoi khurokii makhsus dodan zarur ast (nig. Kudaki shirmak). Bachahoi sinni yasli boyad gizoero istemol kunand, ki safedahoi hayvonot dorand (shir, gusht, tukhm va g.). Barobari paydo shudani shirdandonhoi kursi (taqriban az dusolagi) ba kudak sabzi, seb va karam dodan zarur ast. Ba gizoi kudakoni sinni tomaktabi qand va mahsuli qannodiro bisyor dokhil kardan joiz nest. Dar in sinnu sol kudakonro muntazam boyad ba stomatolog nishon dod. Agar dukhtur K. d.-hoi shiriro oshkor kunad, ba tabobati on zud shuru namuda, minbad nazorat boyad kard, ki illat duyumbora paydo nashavad (dar zeri plomba); dar mavridi dar zeri plomba ba vujud omadani karies plombaro nav mekunand, kushish menamoyand, ki shirdandonhoi illatiro to baromadani dandonhoi doimi nigoh dorand. Barvaqt kandani shirdandonho inkishofi ustukhoni jogro sust karda, ba nodurust baromadani dandonho sabab meshavad, tanosubi raddai dandonhoro vayron mesozad. Ba kudakon durust va doimo istifoda burdani chutkai dandon, dandonkovak va badi tanovul obgardon kardani dahonro yod boyad dod.
Agar dar tarkibi obi nushoki ftor kam boshad, ba on ftor ilova mekunand. Dar holati ziyod budani ftor miqdori onro kam menamoyand, to ki siri dandonro vayron nasozad. Baroi shustani dandonho az khamirahoi ftordor istifoda burda meshavad.