FATHI MAKKA VA VAFOTI HAZRATI MUHAMMAD

Muvofiqi sulhi Hudaybiya ahli Makka va tarafdoroni Paygambar boyad dar davomi dah sol bo yakdigar jang namekardand. Lekin in sulh hamagi du sol davom kard. Sarvaroni Makka avvalin tuda ahdnomai sulhro shikastand. Onho ba mahalhoe, ki dini islomro qabul karda, tarafdori Muhammad shuda budand, hamla mekardand, mardumro gorat karda, azob medodand.

Muhammad dar fikri ba tasarrufi khud darovardani Makka bud, vale namekhost, ki dar on jo khunrezi shavad. Vay mekhost, ki dar Makka tarafdoronash ziyod shavand va khudi onho sardoronro majbur namoyand, ki shahrro be zadukhurd taslim kunand. Bad az du soli sulh Muhammad bo chor hazor askar ba Makka ravon shudand, ammo Makkiyon in khabarro shunida, darvozahoi shahrro basta ba voridshavii onho roh nadodand. Muhammad jang kardan nakhost va ba Madina bargasht.

Vaqte ki shumorai askaroni Muhammad ba dah hazor rasid, vay ba sui Makka ravon shud. Bo dah hazor mujohid Paygambar ba nazdi devori Makka rasid. Sardoroni Maka umed nadoshtand, ki dar muddati kutoh Muhammad metavonad chunin lashkari buzurgro jam namoyad va ba mudofiai Maka tayyor nabudand.

YAke az ashrofoni nomdori Quraysh Abusufiyon avvalin shuda ba nazdi Muhammad omada dini islomro paziruft va ba shahr rafta voqearo ba digaron fahmond. Sarkardagoni Makka ba har taraf pinhon shudand va shahr be sardor mond. Lashkari hazrati Muhammad be jang 11 yanvari soli 630 ba Makka dokhil gashta, onro fath namudand.

Garchande dar davomi solhoi ziyod sardoron va ahli Makka ba Muhammad va tarafdoronash ozori ziyod rasonda boshand ham, Muhammad onhoro afv namuda va ba askaronash amr kard, ki ba kasse az aholii shahr ozor rasonida nashavad. Mardumi shahr guruh-guruh omada dini islomro qabul mekardand. Muhammad amr dod, ki sesadu shast butero, ki dar khonai Kaba joy doshtand, barovarda shikanand va Kaba khonai muqaddasi islom qaror doda shud.

Bad az fathi Kaba tamomi qabilahoe, ki az etirofi dini islom sarkashi mekardand, islomro paziruftand. Baze qabilahoi arab, ki toh musulmon nashuda budand, bo hamdigar muttahid shuda, dar Hunayn nom mahalae jam shuda, mekhostand ba lashkari Muhammad hujum namoyand. Paygambar az in voqea ogoh shuda ba jonibi Hunayn lashkar kashid. Zadukhurdi sakht ba vujud omad. Lashkari qabilaho shikast doda shud va tamomi qabilaho dini islom va paygambarii Muhammadro etirof namudand.

Hamin tariq, dar tamomi nimjazirai Arabiston dini islom qabul va jori gardid.

Dar in zamon viloyati SHom dar zeri tasarrufi Imperiyai Rim qaror dosht va baroi peshgirii hamlahoi sarhadi hazrati Muhammad bo si hazor lashkar ba sui SHom ravon shudand. Onho ba mahalli Tabuk rasidand, ammo askari imperatori Rim az qudrati lashkari musulmonon andeshida az jang kardan bo onho sar pechid. Muhammad ham tolibi jang nabud. Az in sabab qabilahoi atrofii Tabukro ba tasarrufi khud darovarda, muhammad bo lashkarash ba Madina bargasht.

Dar soli dahumi hijrat hazrati Muhammad baroi haj ba Makka omad. Hazrati Paygambar khutbai Vido khonda az dunyo guzashtani khudro ba mardum khabar dod. Bad az haj ba Madina bargasht. In okhirini Paygambar bud.

Bad az se mohi soli yozdahumi hijrat Muhammad /s/ bemor shud. Vay dustonu nazdikoni khudro jam namuda, ba onho guft: “Man az dunyo meravam. Quronro dar miyoni shumo meguzoram. SHumo doim bo Quron amal kuned. YAkdigarro dust dored, ba yakdigar madad rasoned. Hej goh az korkhoi nek judo nashaved. Ba obodi va islohi dunyo kushishu gayrat namoed”.

Bad az in bemorii Paygambar sakht shud va dar soli yozdahumi hijrat dar sinni shastu se solagiash dar khonai hamsarash Oisha az dunyo guzasht. Dar vaqti vafot Paygambar qarib tamomi Arabiston to Umon dini islomro qabul karda budand. Tamomi aholii Arabiston juzi yak millat shuda budand. Janghoi bayni qabilavi az bayn raftand. Odathoi johilii pesh az islom man shuda budand.

Mardumi Arabiston ba madaniyati islomi qadam guzoshta budand.

Suporish va savolho.

1. Vasiyati hazrati Muhammad az yod kuned va onro ba ahli oilaaton fahmoned.
2. CHaro aholii Makka shahrro ba mukobiliyat ba lashkari paygambar taslim dodand?