BIONIKA

BIONIKA, yak fasli kibernetika, ki masalahoi gunoguni injeneriro dar asosi tahlili sokht va faoliyati organizm hal mekunad.
Dar rafti tahavvuloti mavjudoti gunoguni biologi dar onho uzvu boftahoi baso muvofiq ba vujud omadaand. Dar barobari in andozai on uzvho nihoyat khurd va baroi istifodai jonvaron qulay meboshand. Az in sabab afzudani talabot ba parametrhoi sistemahoi tekhniki (daqiqi, boetimodi, kammasrafi va g.) zarurati ba sifati «namuna» istifoda burdani organizmi hayvonot va nabototro ba miyon ovard. Vazifai B. az omuzishi amaliyoti biologi dar organizmi mavjudoti zinda (baroi sokhtani tajhizoti tekhniki, halli masalahoi injeneri va g.) iborat ast.
Baroi dar sohai tekhnika istifoda burdani imkoniyathoi jonvaron pesh az hama omukhtani kori in yo on uzv, daryofti ususlhoi tasviri matematiki va modelonii matematikii protsesshoe, ki dar onho meguzarand, zarur ast. B. hamchunin ba tahiyai namunahoi sistemahoi biologi (mas., uzvhoi idrok va tahiyai akhbor, unsurhoi sistemai asab va g.) mashgul meboshad. B.-ro dar mavridi halli bisyor masalaho istifoda mebarand, mas., sokhtani tajhizoti daryogardi khurdhajm; asbobhoi dayoftkunanda baroi sistemai darki akhbor; sokhtani asbobhoi elektronii khurd; asbobhoe, ki energiyai khimiyavi va biokhimiyaviro ba energiyai mekhaniki tabdil medihand; sokhtani tajhizoti gunoguni bioelektri (mas., protezho) va g. B. ba tadqiqi sistemahoi nisbatan mukammali hayvonot – «antenna»-i shapalak va parvonaho, aloqai ultrasadoii mohiyonu hayvonoti bahri, sistemai kuchi parrandaho, tarzi faoliyati soathoi biologi lokatsiyai ultrasadoii kurshaparakho, khususiyathoi harakati mohiyonu hayvonoti bahri va g. niz mashgul ast. Dar sohai B. – injeneron, dukhturon, psikhologho, fiziologho, matematikho, fizikho, khimikho kor mekunand.
B. harchand dar marhalai avvali taraqqiyot qaror dorad, bo vujudi in ba bisyor dastovardho noil shudaast. Komyobihoi B. baroi darki mufassali bisyor amaliyoti biologi zaminai musoid faroham ovardand (onhoro metavon hangomi sokhtani asbobhoi tekhniki istifoda burd).