DAVRAHOI SINNU SOLI KuDAKON, davrahoi sabzishu inkishofi haml va kudak buda, dar rafti onho uzvu sistemahoi organizm tadrijan tashakkul yofta, ba organizmi bolig mubaddal meshavand. Inkishofi organizmi kudak az du davrai asosi iborat ast: batni va khorijibatni. Davrai batni muddatest az lahzai bordor shudan to tavalludi kudak; davomoti on 9 …
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DAVIDAN, yak tarzi harakati bosurat. Dar Misri Qadim, Oshur va YUnoni Qadim chun vositai tarbiyai harbiyon, burdani malumot va g. istifoda meshud. D. yake az vositahoi tarbiyai jismoni buda, mushakhoro boquvvat, dilro qavi va harakati khunro behtar megardonad. D., makhsusan badi mehnati fikri, yak nav istirohati khub ast. Dar har …
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DARAHTI QAHVA, rastaniest hameshasabz. Barghoyash gafs, sabzi siyohtob. Gulash safed, khushbuy, monandi guli yosuman. Mevaash surkh yo kabudi siyohtob, 2-to dona dorad. Dar jahon taqr. 50 namudi D. q. meruyad. Baroi sabzishi D. q. mahalhoe, ki miqdori borishoti solonaashon ba 2200 – 3300 mm merasad, musoid ast. Onro az tukhm …
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DANDONDARD, ehsosi noguvore, ki binobar osebu illati dandon padid meoyad. Dar bisyor mavridho sababi D. karies, pulpit, periodontit va digar bemoriho meboshand. Hangomi karies dard kutohmuddat buda, binobar istemoli shiravor, gizohoi shur, tursh, khunuk va bisyor garm paydo meshavad. Baroi bemorii pulpit dardi khurujmonand khos ast. On shabona avj girifta, …
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DANDON (Dens, odontos), uzvest baroi gazidan va khoidani gizo. D.-ho inchunin dar talaffuzi baze ovozho ishtirok mekunand. Hayvonot D.-ro gayr az khoidan, baroi muhofizat, hamla va sayd niz istifoda mebarand. Dar jarayoni tahavvul D. ba tufayli tagyiroti pulakchahoe, ki tani hayvonoti obii muhradorro ruypush mekardand, ba vujud omadaast. D.-i mohiho …
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DAMKuTOHi (Dyspoë), ikhtiloli basomad yo amiqii nafaskashi, ki boisi ehsosi norasoii havo megardad. Sababi D. mumkin ast ikhtiloli yagon azoi faoliyati nafaskashi boshad, ki dar on qishri mayna, markazi nafas, asabhoi harommagz, mushakho, sanduqi sina, diafragma, shush, silsilai dilu ragho, hamchunin khun (gazhoro intiqol medihad) shirkat mevarzand. Agar tanzimi asabii …
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DALTONIZM, ikhtiloli bosiraro guyand, ki kas dar in muddat gunogunii ranghoro farq karda nametavonad. Odami bosiraash solim se rangi asosi – surkh, sabz va kabudro mebinad. Hangomi D. ranghoi surkhu sabz khele khira menamoyand yo umuman dida nameshavand. Odamone, ki rangi kabudro farq karda nametavonand, khele kam meboshand. Purra farq …
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DAKTILOLOGIYA (yun. daktilos – angusht va … logiya), yak shakli makhsusi nutq, ki ba vositai angushtoni dast ifoda karda meshavad. Holathoi gunoguni angushton harfhoi alifboro ifoda mekunand. Dar aloqai daktilologi ba orfografiya durust rioya menamoyand. Baroi donistani farqi ovozhoi jarangdor va bejarang (g-k; d-t; b-p va g.), saktador va narm …
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DAKRIOSISTIT (Dacriocystitis; az yun. dacryon – ashk va kystis – hubob, khalta), gazaki ashkdon. Az sababi basta shudani ashkrohai bayni biniyu chashm, ki kovokii ashkdonro bo kovokii bini mepayvandad, ba vujud meoyad; dar natija faoliyati majroi ashk khalal yofta, boisi vase shudanu varam kardani ashkdon megardad. Ashkroha hangomi bemorihoi luobparda, …
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DAKRIOADENIT (Dacryoadenitis; az dakryon – ashk va aden – gadud), iltihobi gadudi ashk. Sababi D. bisyor vaqt siroyat kardani angezandai bemorihoi gunogun (angina, gripp, makhmalak, parotiti vogir, surkhcha, sil, sifilis va g.) meboshad. D., odatan, dar yak taraf ba vujud meoyad. D.-i dutarafa dar mavridi parotiti vogir paydo meshavad. D.-i …
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