ZAHROLUDi AZ HAYVONOT

ZAHROLUDi AZ HAYVONOT. Har sol dar jahon az gazidani morhoi zahrdor 30 – 40 haz. naf. odam ba halokat merasad. Dar IMA sole to 50 mln hodisai gazidani hasharoti bandpoy (oru, tortanak, kajdum va g.) ba qayd girifta meshavad. Oqibati margovari nesh zadani oruho nazar ba gazidani jarangmor se marotiba ziyod ast.
Zahroludi dar natijai istemoli mohihoi zahrnok sole qarib 20 haz. nafarro tashkil medihad (az onho besh az 300 naf. halok megardad).
Hayvonot va hasharot (nig. Hayvonoti zahrdor) dar jarayoni inkishofi duru daroz va mutobiqat ba muhiti atrof zahrdor shudaand. «Aslihai zahrogin» – zahre, ki onho dar muboriza baroi hayot istifoda mebarand, gunogun buda, tarzi istifodai on niz farq mekunad. Rohi faoli ba organizmi harif firistodani zahr nesh zadan (tortanakho, zanburi asal, oruho) va gazidan (morho) ast. Rohi gayrifaol – gun shudani zahr dar baze uzvu boftahost, ki istifodai onho dar khurok boisi zahroludi megardad.
Miqdori morhoi zahrnok khele bisyor ast. Dar Tojikiston beshtar namudhoi gunoguni mori gurza duchor meoyad. Hujumi mori gurza ba odam, odatan, khususiyati mudofiavi dorad. Joi morgazida dard mekunad, varam va surkh shuda, mumkin ast ba tamomi dastu po pahn shavad. In zuhurot natijai ba organizmi odam tasir rasonidani fermenthoi proteaza va gialuronidaza ast. Fermenthoi mazkur boisi nufuzpazirii barziyodi ragho va tarovishi qismi moei khun ba boftaho megardand. Zahroludii vaznin payvasta bo baland shudani harorati badan, dilbehuzuri va qay jarayon megirad. Bazan (khususan dar kudakon) tashannuj, ikhtiloli ruhi (hazyon) va sust gashtani faoliyati dil mushohida meshavad. Zahri dig. morho, mas., kubro va afi beshtar tasiri umumi dorad. Ba on zafi mushakho, az jumla mushakhoi gulu va zabon khos ast. Dar natija morgazida nametavonad harf zanad yo chizero furu barad. Nishonai mudhishi chunin zahroludi falaji mushakhoi nafas meboshad, ki ba tasiri zahri kurare shabohat dorad.
Pas az gazidani mor bo maqsadi rasonidani yorii avvalin favran az zakhm qatrahoi khunro fishurda barovarda, zahrro bo dahon makidan va muntazam obi dahonro tuf kardan lozim ast. Suzonidani joi zakhm va buridani atrofi on khele khavfnok meboshad, zero khatari ba zakhm vorid shudani mikrobhoi kasaliovar meafzoyad. Bastani jgut (sakht bastani dast yo poy) niz joiz nest, chunki gardishi khun khalal yofta, varam va khunshorii zeri pust ba amal meoyad. Beharakat nigoh doshtani uzvi zarardida (chun dar holati shikasti ustukhon) bo yorii jabira (shina) yo dig. ashyoi dastras khele muhim ast. Harchi zudtar guzaronidani pozahr, ki dar muassisahoi muolijavi mavjud ast, ahamiyati kalon dorad. Odatan, yakbora zardobi ziddi kuzoz ham meguzaronand, chunki zakhm baroi siroyati angezandahoi on «darvozai daromad» meboshad. Dar hama holati gazidani mor favran ba dukhtur murojiat boyad kard.
Hangomi gazidani hasharoti zahrnok, makhsusan gunda va biy (tarantul) niz yorii avvalin va muolija misli gazidani mor ast. Tasiri zahri onho az zahri mor bo hamin farq mekunad, ki joi zakhm sakht dardmand meshavad. Binobar in bo maqsadi peshgirii shok ba osebdida doruhoi rafi dard (analgin, kislotai asetilsalitsilat) medihand (agar in doruho naboshand, 50 – 100 ml spirti etili 30%-a dodan mumkin).
Bisyor nesh zadani oru va dig. zanburho baroi odam khavfnok ast, khususan agar hassosiyat ba tasiri zahri onho ziyod boshad. Dar in surat gayr az varami juzii boftaho, baland gashtani harorati badan va dardi sakhti sar niz mushohida shuda, ehtimol tashannuj va ikhtiloli hush ba vujud oyad. Hangomi paydoishi aloimi mazkur ba peshoni lattai tar yo zarfi yakhdor meguzorand, ba shakhs yak istakon choi siyohi shirin nushonida, kislotai atsetilsalitsilat (1 g) medihand, sipas dukhturro davat menamoyand. Agar oru gazida boshad, albatta neshi onro az zakhm barovardan lozim ast.
Haminro niz boyad dar nazar dosht, ki tukhmi namakkhurdai baze mohihoi shikori (shirmohi, mohii muylabdor, tosmohiho) niz sababi zahroludii gizoi (qay, ishol, dardi shikam) megardand. Dar in holatho bo maqsadi rasondani yorii avvalin medaro meshuyand, dorui isholovar (30 g namaki sulfati magniy) va besalol (1 – 2 qurs) mekhuronand.