KOSMETIKA

KOSMETIKA (az yun. kosmetice – sanati oroish), pardozgari, orostagi, mashshotagi, talimotest oid ba vositavu tarzhoi beh kardani namudi zohirii odam. Az davrahoi qadim khalqhoi gunogun ba vasoiti K. va istifodai onho diqqati kalon medodand. Dar Misr 2000 sol pesh az m. baroi K. ravganhoi gunogun, moddahoi khushbuy, mushk, hanut va g.-ro kor mefarmudand. Dar Oshur (500 sol pesh az m.) zanho ba badan, mardho ba muy moddahoi khushbuy memolidand.
Dar bobati K. olimi mashhuri tojik Abualii Sino niz fikrhoi jolib bayon namudaast. Dar «Al-Qonun fi-t-tib» – i u fanni makhsuse ba orostagi bakhshida shudaast, ki az chahor maqola iborat ast: andar bayoni holathoi muy va sabusai sar (az 29 fasl iborat ast); andar bayoni holathoi pust az jihati rang (14 faslro darbar megirad); andar bayoni on chi ki pustro, na rangi pustro, oriz bigardad (az 32 fasl tarkib yoftaast); andar bayoni holathoe, ki ba tan va andomhoi atrofi aloqamandand (az 17 fasl iborat meboshad).
Dar a-hoi 16 – 18 surkhi, grim, upo, safedi va g. mamul gasht. K. tadrijan nafaqat sanati oroish, balki ba yak bakhshi tib niz tabdil yoft. K. usuli nigohubini pust, muy, nokhun, inchunin masalahoi tabobati nuqsi zohirii badan (nuqsi modarzod yo dar natijai bemorihoi gayriirsi paydoshuda)-ro darbar megirad. K. shartan ba se qism – gigieni, tibbi va oroishi judo meshavad.
Dar natijai taraqqii K.-i tibbi ilmi kosmetologiya tashakkul yoft. On sabab va usulhoi peshgiriyu tabobati nuqsi paydoishash gunogunro meomuzad. Kosmetologiya bo dig. ilmhoi tib – dermatologiya, endokrinologiya, ilmi jarrohi va g., inchunin bo sanoati attori zich aloqamand ast. Zero on omuzish va tahiyai (hamrohi khimikho, farmakologho) vasoiti oroishii bosamaru bezararro darbar megirad.
K.-i gigieni ba masoili nigahdorii zeboii tabiii odam mashgul ast. Odam dar har sinnu sol jozib va zebo buda metavonad. Bahri hayoti solim zistu zindagonii oqilona, tartibi durusti mehnat, istirohat va tagziya, hayoti faol, mashgul shudan ba varzish, peshgiri va sarivaqt tabobat kardani bemoriho musoidat mekunand. Rioyai qoidahoi gigienai shakhsi, afzun gardondani muqobilati organizm ba bemorihoi gunogun (nig. Obutobi organizm), qabuli vannahoi havoi va nuri oftob ahamiyati kalon dorad.
Odam boyad doimo tozavu ozoda boshad, ba nigoh doshtani khushandomi va qadu qomati durust kushish kunad. Inson dar javoni, odatan khushandom ast, makhsusan agar ba varzish va sport mashgul boshad. Sol az sol dar natijai sust shudani mubodilai moddaho va nokifoya budani faoliyati jismoni (nig. Gipodinamiya) odam farbeh meshavad. Az in sabab muntazam vazni khudro nazorat kardan khele muhim ast. Dar surati az meyor (muvofiqi sinnu sol) 10% ziyod shudani vazn (nig. Vazni odam) baroi maslihat boyad ba dukhtur murojiat kard. Bo maqsadi kharob shudan, khudsarona parhez namudan va az had ziyod mashqi jismoni kardan noravost. Bahri zud ziyod yo kam kardani vazni badan niz kushish namudan joiz nest; in kor boyad tadrijan anjom pazirad. Zud kharob shudan boisi khalta zadani pusti rukhsoraho, manah, gardan, shikam, gadudhoi shir megardad. Farbehii beandoza odamro zud pir mekunad. Qadu qomati mavzun – takhtapushti rost, sari bolo, shikami hamvor – nafaqat zebo, balki mufid niz meboshad, zero in baroi gardishi khun, nafaskashi va mubodilai moddaho sharoiti musoid faroham meorad. Tani odam boyad serharakat va qaish boshad. Harakati mavzun zebi har inson ast.
Odati sakht dast afshonda roh raftan, «alvonj dodani ron», vase guzoshtani poy va dast ba miyon monda istodan namudi zohirii odam (makhsusan zan)-ro vayron mekunad. Dar vaqti nishast tan va sarro rost doshta, zonuhoro jafs kardan lozim; ba onhoe, ki hamesha nishasta yo rost istoda kor mekunand, har ruz yakchand daqiqa bo gimnastikai korgohi mashgul shudan zarur ast. Har pagohi guzaronidani mashqhoi gimnastiki niz mufid meboshad.
Tozagi va pokizakori hamsafari zeboiand, malakahoi nigohubini gigieniro az khurdsoli parvaridan lozim ast. Nigoh doshta tavonistani tarovati ruy, gafsiyu zeboii muy, safedii dandon va g. baso muhimand. Losyonhoi gunogun, sobuni iroqi, shampun, khamirahoi dandoshui, eleksir, kremi rishgiri, kremhoi muhofizati, gizoi va g., ki sanoati attori istehsol mekunad, chun vositai nigohubini badan istifoda meshavand. Nig. niz. Pardozgarii tibbi, Dandon, Muy, Nokhun, Pust.