KAJDUM

KAJDUM (Scorpionida), yak guruhi hayvonhoi bemuhra az sinfi tortanakshaklho. Darozii tanashon 1 – 18 sm buda, ba sarsina va bandhoi shikami judo meshavad. Bandi okhiri shikam du gadudi zahrnok doshta, bo neshi changakmonand khotima meyobad. K.-ho 4 juft poy, 3 – 6 juft chashm va changoli kaloni nihoyat hassos dorand. Rangashon zardchatob yo siyoh. Tarzi hayoti shabona meguzaronand. Gizoi K. hasharot va tortanakhost. K.-ho jonvaroni zindazoyand. Dar ruzhoi avvali badi tavallud kajdumchaho ba modarashon savor meshavand. Dar Tojikiston 10 namudi K. vomekhurad. Dar jumhuri beshtar K.-i zard (Buthus cupeus), ki bahoron va avv. tobiston faol buda, bo ogozi garmo to bahori oyanda ba khob meravad, pahn shudaast. Nesh zadani on baroi odam dardnok buda, ammo margovar (chun namudhoi tropiki) nest.
Tasiri zahri K. ba miqdori on, joi neshzada va sinnu soli odam vobasta ast. Joi neshzadai K. sakht dard va obila mekunad. Badi yak soati nesh zadan, joi on surkh meshavad, pas az du soat varam karda limfangoit inkishof meyobad; dard dilzananda ast. Sar dard karda, odam dar hayajon ast, mushakhoi dastu po melarzand; bad jabrdida sustu beholat shuda, meshinad yo daroz mekashad. Mumkin ast aql tira shuda, tarsi marg ba vujud oyad, nafaskashi dushvor, kori dil tez megardad.
Ba joi neshzadai K. zud yagon chizi garm guzoshtan lozim ast. Bo maqsadi rafi dard doruhoi amidopirin yo analgin tain mekunand. Ba joi neshzadai K. firistodani mahluli 2%-i novokain mufid ast. Dar mavridi zahroludii sakht az seroterapiya istifoda menamoyand. Agar zardobi makhsus naboshad, pas metavon az zardobi ziddi zahri gunda va hatto mor istifoda burd. Zardobi ziddi zahri gunda (10 – 70 ml)-ro ohista ba zeri pust, dokhili mushak yo vena (vobasta ba darajai vazninii zahroludi) mefiristand. Istifodai yakjoyai atropin (ba zeri pust; 1 ml mahluli 0,1%) va ergotoksin (1 ml mahluli 0,02%) niz natijai dilkhoh medihad. Suzondan, ba joi neshzadai K. molidani spirti navshodir, guzoshtani jgut, zimodi margansof besamar ast.
Ad.: Jizn jivotnikh, t. 3, M., 1969; Dogel V. A., Zoologiya bespozvonochnikh, M., 1975.