Комрон.инфо
Haytoliyon, Hiptoliyon yo Haftoliyon (yun.-qad. Εφθαλιται) yo Hunhoi safed — qavme budand, ki az iyolati Gonsui CHin ba hududi Takhoriston hujum ovardand. SHurui qudrati Haytoliyon az soli 420 melodi bud va dar soli 567 melodi ba dast quvvai mushtaraki Husravi Anushervon va Turkon az bayn raftand.
Tasisyobii Davlati Haytoliyon
Dar Osiyoi Markazii asri IV va to miyonahoi asri V se davlat tashkil meyobad: Kidoriyon, Hiyoniyon va Haytoliyon. Dar bayni onho Haytoliyon kalontaru purzurtar buda, dar avval qismati sharqii Osiyoi Markazi va az on jumla, Pomirro ham dar bar megirift. Haytoliyon az tarafi yak podshoh idora karda meshudand. Lekin baze hokimoni mahalli mustaqiliyati khudro nigoh doshta budand. Takhtu toji podshohi merosi bud. Vazifai shohiro vorisi az hama qobiliyatnoki shoh ishgol mekard. To miyonahoi asri V davlati Haytoliyon dar Osiyoi Markazi makomi hukmronro ba dast darovard. Dar in davra hududhoi on vase shudand. SHohhoi Haytoliyon Sugd va Takhoristonro ham zabt kardand. Davlati Haytoliyon dar zamoni hukmronii Hushnavoz — solhoi 50-um va 70-umi asri V boz ham vasetaru puriqtidortar gardid.
Dar muqobili davlati Haytoliyon du davlati purzur meistod, ki yake Davlati Sosoniyon va digare Hoqonii Turk bud. Daleli markaziyatnok budani davlati Haytoliyon poytakhti yagona doshtani on meboshad. Poytakhti davlati Haytoliyon shahri Bomiyon bud, ki holo dar Afgonistoni SHimolii imruza voqe ast.
Janghoi Haytoliyon bo Davlati Sosoniyon
To ba davlati markaziyatnok tabdil yoftani davlati Haytoliyon dar Eron davlati purzuri Sosoniyon vujud dosht, ki ba mavjudiyati davlati Haytoliyon tahdid mekard. Baroi hamin shohhoi Haytoliyon qarib dar tamomi davrai hukmroniashon khudro az hamlahoi lashkari davlati Sosoniyon himoya mekardand. Vale dar miyonahoi asri V davlati Haytolnyon chunon purzur shud, ki bar ziddi hamlahoi kharobiovari davlati Sosoniyon istodagari karda hatto bar on galaba ham karda metavonist.
Haytoliho badi qalamravi Tojikistoni Janubii imruzaro ishgol kardan mavqei khudro khub mustahkam namuda, ba sarhadhoi sharqii davlati Sosoniyon nazdik shudand. Vale tashabbuskori ogozi jang shoh Piruz gardid, ki navakak dar Eron ba takhti podshohi nishasta bud. Hamin tariq, soli 457 jangi Piruz bar ziddi Haytoliyon, ki shohashon SHahnavoz bud, ogoz gardid. Dar in jang tarafi muhofizatkunanda haytoliho budand. Haytoliho hamlai lashkari Sosoniyonro «khub peshvoz» giriftand.
Dar jangi peshina Haytoliho bar Eroni Sosoni golib baromada, dar sozishnomai sulh sarhadhoi bayni in davlathoro muqarrar karda budand. Kushishi Sosoniyon baroi vase kardani hududhoi davlati khud manii vayron kardani sharthoi hamin sozishnomaro dosht. Az makhazi zerin shumo mebined, ki shohi Sosoniyon bo hillayu nayrang chi tavr ahdshikani kardaast: «Piruz bo lashkari khud to tagi hamon burje rasid, ki Bahromi Gur sokhta bud… Piruz iloje yofta, vadakhilof nabudani khudro nishon dodani shudaast (gap az on vadae meravad, ki Piruz ba podshohi Haytoliyon Hushnavoz doda bud va muvofiqi on boyad az sarhadi Haytoliyon nameguzasht). Malum, ki sarhadi Haytoliyon hamon burj bud va inak, Piruz ba tagi on burj rasidu farmud, ki 50 fil va 300 pahlavonro bar on bandand va filonu pahlavonon burjro pesh mekashidandu Piruz az pasi onho meomad va bo hamin hilla vadaro, ki ba Hushnavoz doda bud, guyo vayron namekard. Dar in muhoribai ziddi Haytoliyon Piruz va bisyore az lashkari vay ba handakhoe, ki makhsus dar sari roh kanda shuda, rui onhoro pushonda, noayon karda budand, aftidandu kushta shudand».
Dar in jang ham shohi Eron az artishi davlati Haytoliyon sakht shikast khurdaast, dar nazdi shohi Haytoliyon SHahnavoz ukhdador shud, ki digar ba hududi davlati u qadam nameguzorad. Baroi etimod Piruz vorisi toju takhti shohii Sosoniyon — pisari khudro dar nazdi shokhi Haytoliyon garavgon guzoshta, mablagi kalon tovoni jang niz dod. Vale Piruz ba vadai khud vafo nakarda, badi chande bar ziddi Haytoliyon az nav hamla kard, ki on ham ba shohi Sosoniyon golibiyat naovard. Badi in Piruz bori digar bar ziddi davlati Haytoliyon lashkar kashid. Lekin lashkarhoi Sosoniyon va khudi Piruz az nav ba domi Haytoliyon aftidand. In dafa Haytoliyon usuli jangi mudofiavii khudro kame tagyir doda, dar peshi rohi lashkarhoi Sosoniyon chohhoi ziyode kofta, rui onhoro bo khasu shokhaho pushonida noayon kardand. Dar natijai hujumi sarosemavori Sosoniyon aksari lashkari onho, az on jumla, khudi Piruz ham ba in «chohhoi gurgqapi» aftidand.
Vaseshavii Davlati Haytoliyon
Dar okhirhoi asri V va ogozi asri VI davlati Haytoliyon boz ham vasetar shud. Haytoliyon Qandahor, Urumchi, Qoshgar va Hutanro niz zabt kardand. Badi zabti Hindustoni SHimoli hududi davlati Haytoliyon az imperiyai Kushoniyoni Buzurg ham kalontar shud. Dar asri VI ba davlati Haytoliyon lozim omad, ki khudro az hamlahoi istilogaroni lashkari du davlat — Hoqonii Turk va Davlati Sosoniyon muhofizat kunad.
