FAZILATHOI DURUD FIRISTODAN BAR PAYGAMBAR (S)

Bismillohi-r-Rahmoni-r-Rahim

Sitam meparvarad ogushi gul az khor parvardan Zabonero, k-az u kori durud oyad ba sab[1] maksho.

Mirzo Bedil

Avvalin va muhimtarin unvon dar in bob in farmuda Hudovandi azza va jalla dar Kalomi Mazidi Hud ast ki bar ummatoni Habibi Hud (s) chunin mefarmoyad, ki:

«Innalloha va maloikatahu yusalluna ala-n-nabiyi yo ayyuha-l-lazina omanu sallu alayhi va sallimu taslimo».[2]

Tarjuma: Har oyina Hudovand va farishtagoni u durud mefiristand bar Paygambar (s), ey musalmonon, durud firisted bar vay va salom gued salom guftani.

Tafsir: «Innalloha va maloikatahu»-ba durusti, ki Hudoi taolo va farishtagoni vay «yusalluna»-durud mefiristand «ala-n-nabiyi»-bar Paygambar (s) «yo ayyuha-l-lazina omanu»-ey on kasone, ki ba Hudovu Paygambar (s) garavidaed «sallu alayhi»-salavot gued bar Paygambar (s) «va sallimu»-va salom gued bar Paygambar (s) «taslimo»-salom guftani, yo inqiyod[3] kuned amri uro inqiyod kardani.

Bidon, ey khonandai aziz, ki in nidoi muborak, albatta, shonu ahamiyati buzurgest va kifoyat mekunad, baroi tu on chi amr kard Hudovandi taolo baroi bandagoni mumini Hud va qabl az in amr kardan Hudi Parvardgor ba jo ovard amri Hudro, ki guft ba qavli muboraki Hud, ki: «Innalloha va maloikatahu yusalluna ala-n-nabiyi». Habar dod, ki Hudovand va farishtahoi vay durud mefiristand bar Muhammad (s) dar on hol, ey musalmonon, baroi moyon amr kardani Parvardgor ba durudu salom firistodan baroi Rasuli akram (s) sharafi buzurgest baroi moyon va karomatest, ki az on bolotar karomati digare nest dar dunyo.

Vaqte ki Hudovandi taolo Hazrati Odam (a)-ro ofarid, ba farishtagon dastur dod, to uro sajda kunand. Vale dar hej joy inro nafarmud, ki: «Man Hudam ham in korro anjom mediham». Faqat baroi ezozu ikromi Rasuli akram (s) farmud: «Nakhust Hudam, sipas farishtagon bar eshon salavot mefiristand». On goh ba musalmonon ham dastur dod, ki: «Alloh va farishtagoni u bar Paygambar (s) durud mefiristand va shumo ham durud bifiristed». CHi fazilate buzurgtar az in, ki dar in amr Alloh va farishtagon bo muminon shirkat dorand.

Hudovand dar in oyat az malomu manzalati Paygambari giromiash (s) nazdi Hud dar malai alo[4] khabar doda, nazdi farishtagonash bar Paygambari Hud (s) durud mefiristad va farishtagoni vay niz bar Paygambar (s) durud mefiristand. Binobarin Haq taolo bandagonashro niz dastur medihad, to dar in kor ba u va farishtagonash payravi karda, bar on Hazrat (s) durud bifiristand, to sanovu durudi Paygambar (s) bar zaboni hamai olamiyon az olami malakutivu zamini jori gardad.

Maqsad az durud bar Nabi (s) sano va tazimu rahmat va dustivu mehruboni bar Paygambar (s) meboshad, pas, ba har kase, ki salavot mansub shavad, mutobiqi shonu rutbai u sanovu tazim va rahmatu mehruboniro murod khohem girift. Hazrati Hudovand bar Rasuli Karim (s) salavot mefiristad, yane ba rahmatu shafaqati Kibriyoii Hesh sifatu ezozu ikromi on Hazrat (s)-ro mekunad va farishtagon ham salavot mefiristand, magar salavotu rahmatu takrimi har yake ba andozai shonu rutbai u meboshad. Bad az on bar muminon hukm shuda, ki shumo ham salavotu rahmat bifiristed, martabai on boyad az in hardu alohida boshad.

Ulamo guftaand, ki: «Salavoti Hudovand iborat az sanoi Hudovand bar vay va rozi budani Hudovand az Paygambar (s) va nishonai rahmat va rizvon. Durud farishtagon bar Paygambar (s) duoi onhost baroi Rasuli akram (s) va istigfori onhost. Durudi musalmonon baroi Paygambar (s) ba manii tashrifu tazim va takrimu giromidoshti u va amru dasturoti ust».

Garaz in ast, ki Haq taolo bar muminon hukm dod, ki shumo ham bar Paygambar (s) salavot[5] bifiristed. Nishon dod, ki durud firistodani shumo hamin ast, ki az huzuri Alloh, taolo darkhost kuned, ki rahmathoi Hudro besh az besh, to abad bar Paygambar (s) nozil farmoyad, zero ki rahmati u benihoyat ast. In ham az rahmati Alloh taolost, ki hamon rahmathoi ziyodero, ki dar asari arzi manozil mefarmoyad, ba suyi mo bandagoni ojiz mansub karda, guyo mo firistodaem, hol on ki firistandai rahmat dar har sifat hamon Hudovandi yagona ast. CHi bandai ojiz qudrati onro nadorad, ki dar borgohi Sayidu-l-anbiyo munosibi shonu rutbai vay tuhfae taqdim kunad.

Alloma Sakhovi (pah) dar «Qavli bade» menavisad: «Dar kitobi «Amir Mustafo Hanafii Turkmoni» matlabi muhimmero az in qaror navishta shuda, ki agar gufta shavad: «Hikmati in amr chist, ki Hudovandi mutaol ba mo dasturi doda, to durud bifiristem va mo meguem «Allohumma salli alo Muhammad» va az Hudovand mekhohem, ki vay durud firistad, yane dar namoz ba joyi in, ki «Usalli alo Muhammad» biguem «Allohumma salli alo Muhammad» meguem». Javobi in ashkol chunin ast, ki: «Vujudi muboraki on Hazrat (s) kholi az har guna aybu nuqs ast va vujudi mo saropo pur az aybu nuqs, pas, har kas, ki mahalli uyubu navoqis boshad, kasero, ki az on pok ast, madhu sitoish mekunad. Az in jihat mo az Hudovandi mutaol darkhost mekunem, ki u bar Rasuli akram (s) salavot firistad, to in salavot az jonibi Rabbi pok bar Nabii pokash (s) boshad».

Dar in jo ishkole vorid meshavad, ki onro Alloma Rozi (pah) dar «Tafsiri Kabir» marqum doshta va on in, ki: «Hangome ki Hudovandi mutaol va farishtagoni vay bar on Hazrat (s) durud mefiristand, pas, chi niyoze ba durudi mo boqi memonad? Javobi in ishkol in ast, ki firistodani durud az jonibi mo baroi on Hazrat (s) az jihati niyoz va ehtiyoji eshon ba on nest. Va agar chunin mebud, bad az durudi Hudovand niyoze bar durudi farishtagon nabud, balki durudi mo ba manzuri izhor va bayoni azamati on Hazrat (s) ast, hamchunon ki Hudovand bandagonro mamur ba zikr va yodi Hud kardaast. Hol on ki Hudovandi mutaol niyoze ba yodu zikri bandagon nadorad».

Hazrati shoh Sohib (pah) menavisad, ki: «Talabi rahmat az Hudovand baroi Paygambar (s) va ahli bayti u nihoyat maqbulu mustahsin[6] ast. Bar Paygambar (s) mutobiqi shoni u rahmat nozil meshavad, magar bar talabgor ivazi yak bor talabidan dah bor rahmat nozil meshavad, aknun har kas har mikdore, ki mekhohad ba dast orad».

Va Sovi guftaast, ki: «In oyat nishon medihad, ki Paygambar (s) mahalli nuzuli rahmat va ba tavri kulli buzurgtarini avvalinu okhirin ast, zero salavoti Hudovand bar Paygambar (s) ba manii rahmati hamroh, bo tazim ast va az jonibi Hudovand bar gayri Paygambar (s) bar manii rahmat meboshad. Hamon guna, ki mefarmoyad: «Huva-l-Lazi yusalli alaykum va maloikah»-Ust on zote, ki durud mefiristad bar shumo va bar farishtagon. Pas, tafovuti bayni du salavotro daryob va fazli bayni du maqomro binigar va bad-in tartib Paygambar (s) oyinai tamoshonamoest, ki rahmatu barakoti Hudovand dar eshon tajallli yoftaast. Pas, ey guruhi muminon, har chi beshtar durudu salom bar u bifiristed, chun haqqi ziyode bar gardani shumo dorad. SHumoro az gumrohi najot dod va ba suyi hidoyat rahnamun shud va az toriki ba suyi nuru rushnoi hidoyat kard, pas, har vaqt nomash burda meshavad, bigued:

Allohumma salli alo Muhammadiv-va oli Muhammad».

Nazdi jame manii «Allohumma salli alo Muhammad» in ast, ki: «Bor Hudoyo, tazim kun Muhammad (s)-ro dar dunyo ba aloi din va izhori davat va azami zikr va aqbai shariat va dar okhirat ba qabuli shafoati u dar shoni ummat va tazifi savob va izhori fazli u bar avvalinu okhirin va taqdimi u bar hamai anbiyovu mursalin va maloikavu mardumon ajmain».

Sovi guftaast, ki: «Hikmati duo kardan va talabi omurzish namudani farishtagon va muminon baroi Paygambar (s) iborat ast az musharraf shudani onho ba on manzalat, ki dar in mavrid ba Hudoi azza va jalla iqtido karda va bakhshe az huquqi uro bar khalqi Hudo vafo kardaand, zero Paygambar (s) buzurgtarin vositai har nematest, ki bar bandagon merasad va haq chunon ast, ki podoshi fardero boyad dod, ki sababi nemat ast. Va boyad on joe, ki khalq podoshi haqqash nametavonand guzorid, az Podshohi tavono masalat dorand, ki uro (s) podosh dihad».

Alloma Sakhovi (pah) dostoni ibratomezero bayon doshtaast va on in, ki az Ahmadi YAmoni (pah) naql mekunad, ki: «Man dar Sano budam, didam, ki atrofi shakhse jamiyati anbuhe gird omadaand. Pursidam:

• CHi khabar ast? CHaro mardum jam shudaand?

Mardum dar posukh guftand:

• In shakhs bo savtu lahni bisyor zeboe Quron tilovat mekard, vaqte ba in oyat rasid, ba joyi «yusalluna ala-n-nabiyi», «yusalluna alo Aliyi-n-nabiyi» khond, ki manoi on chunin ast: «Alloh va farishtagoni u bar Hazrati Ali durud mefiristand, on Ali paygambar ast». Bad az khondani on favran gung shud va ba bemorii pesivu juzom mubtalo gardid va kuru falaj shud.

Joyi base ibrat ast. Hudovand Hudash az beadabi va ihonat[7] ba sohati muqaddasi Hesh va paygambaron va kalomi Hesh moro mahfuz nigah dorad».

Faqeh Abumolik (pah) dar «Toju-l-muzakkirin» meguyad, ki: «Haq taolo har yak az anbiyo (a)-ro ba karomate makhsus gardonid. Masalan, Odam (a)-ro ba sujudi maloika mukarram sokht va Nuh (a)-ro ba ijobati duo mukarram gardonid va Ibrohim (a)-ro ba khalili makhsus gardonid va Muso (a)-ro ba kalimi barguzid va Dovud (a)-ro ba khilofat tayin farmud va Sulaymon (a)-ro ba zaboni jonvaron talim farmud va Iso (a)-ro baroi davoi bemoriho va zinda gardonidani murdagon takhsis farmud va Hojai mo (s)-ro ba salavot bar vay (s) mukarram gardonid, ki: «Innalloha va maloikatahu yusalluna ala-n-nabiyi, yo ayyuha-l-lazina omanu sallu alayhi va sallimu taslimo». YAne: «Alloh taolo, ki zoti u Lamyazal astu sifoti u bebadal darhoi maqsadhoro bar ruyi khohishmandon mekushoyad va rohi khaloiqro, ki ravandagoni vodii talaband ba kabai maqsadho u roh menamoyad. Agar yak dam rahmatash az in saqfi obgun[8] qat gardad, to tasiri otash in sipehri dukhoniro chun khokistar ba bod dihad va agar yak nafas hifzi inoyatash va amni tarbiyatashro az in bisoti khok barchinad, kase dar in ruyi zamin namemonad».

Nazm:

Ey hama solikoni Tu dar talabi rizoi Tu,

Sukhtagoni shavqi Tu sokhta bo qazoi Tu.

Vasfi Tu vasfi Lamyazal, zoti Tu zoti bebadal,

Dur zi ofatu khalal Hazrati Kibriyoi Tu.

Ham zi Tu sudu ham ziyon, ham zi Tu khavfu ham amon,

Kist, ki nest dar jahon borkashi baloi Tu.

Ne arazi, na javkhari Holiqi charkhu akhtari,

Hast Turo tavongari, podshahon gadoi Tu.

Nemati Tucm beadad, rahmati Tucm bo madad,

Gardani movu to abad silsilai vafoi Tu.

Maloikai kirom, ki tugoi ismat ba nomi eshon oro yofta va manshuri iffat bar unvoni eshon sabt gashta va samandi toat dar maydoni itoat davonidaand va fathnomai muqarabivu toati beriyoiro bar minbari muniri tasbehi hamdu poki khonda, bad az sanoi Hudoi taolo salavoti Mustafoi (s)-ro bar zabon rondaand, shumo niz, ey muminon, ki sahifahoi avroqi ishtiyoqi kheshro bo raqami muhabbati Ahadi va naqshhoi mutobiati Ahmadi (s) barnigoshta oed va nishonahoi ilohiro, ki balandii martabai shavqi liqoi Risolatpanohist bar bomi haft osmoni lojuvardi barafroshta namoed.

Bayt:

Olami khok barumand zi boloi tu shud,

Bahri yak capv dihand ob khiyobonero[9].

Ibni Abbos (raz) meguyad, ki: «CHun in oyati karima nozil shud Hazrati Risolat (s)-ro rukhsorai muborakash bar misoli donai anor az goyati farahu bashoshat barafrukhta bud. SHunidam, ki farmud: «Muborakbod kuned, ki az baroi man oyate omadaast, ki beshtar ast nazdi man az dunyovu har chi dar dunyost». Va in oyatro barkhond, ki:

«Innalloha va maloikatahu yusalluna ala-n-nabiyi, yo ayyuha-l-lazina omanu sallu alayhi va sallimu taslimo».

Guftam: «YO Rasulalloh (s), khushguvor bod turo in nemat». Bad az on sahoba guftand: «YO Rasulalloh (s), mekhohem, ki moro az haqiqati in oyat voqif gardoni». Farmud: «Az man savol karded az on ilmi maknune, ki agar namepursided, izhori on namekardam, ki Haq taolo muakkal kardaast du farishtaro, ki hej bandai mumin naboshad, ki nomi maro bishnavad va on banda bar man salavot nafiristad, magar on, ki on du farishta guyand: «Gafarallohu laka»-yane: Biomurzad Hudovand turo. Bad az on Haq taolo bo hamai farishtagon dar javobi on du farishta guyand «Omin»-yane: «CHunin bod». Va har kas, ki nomi man nazdi vay zikr shavad va vay bar man salavot nafiristad, magar on, ki on du farishta guyand: «Lo gafarallohu laka»-yane: «Naomurzad Hudoi taolo turo». On goh Haq taolo va maloikai u (a) guyand «Omin».

Nati Mansuri Hofiz:

In mohru, ki qiyomi falak az sujudi ust,

Kursi, ki sqoim ast, ba fayzi vujudi ust.                                                                              I

Kavnu makon zi sufrai inomi u khurand,

Hud koinot qatrai daryoi judi ust.

Olam ba nuri Odamu nuri Habib bud,

Bude, ki hast partave az nuri budi ust.

Az Haq shunudu guft ba Haq Hotami rusul,

Moro hamesha gush ba guftushunudi ust.

Har bodi khushnasim, ki oyad zi YAsrib ast,

Har buyi khush, ki meshunavam buyi udi ust.

Moro nihod shahdi shahodat ba komi jon,

Dil niz masti jomi sharobi shuhudi ust.

Zikre, ki sozad oyina ravshan, sanoi vay,

Virde, ki zangi gam bizudoyad, durudi ust.

Mansur dod dunyivu din dar ivaz sitad,

Har, k-u chunin muomilate kard, sudi ust.

Baze az buzurgon, ki hikmat dar salavoti Hazrati Haq subhonahu va taolo bar Habibi Hud (s) on guftaand, ki chun maloika (a) ba sujudi Odam (a) mamur gashtand va ba sujudi Muhammad (s) ne, ba in mani tavahhumu tafzili Odam (a) bar Hazrati Muhammadiya (s) namudand, ammo Haq taolo farmud: «Ey maloika, agar shumo bar Odam (a) arzi sujud karded, Man ba khudii Hud bar Muhammad (s) arzi salavot kardam va shumoro niz amr mekunam ba salavoti bar vay (s), to fazli Muhammadi (s) bar Odam (a) zohir gardad. Va on jo farishtagon sujud kardand yak bor va in jo salavot bar Muhammad (s) Manu farishtagon va muminon mefiristem az azal to ba abad».

Ey darvesh, Haq taolo turo amr mekunad ba salavoti on Hazrat (s) shukrguzorii on, ki turo az ummat gardonida va bad az on Habibi Hudro (s) amr mefarmoyad ba duovu shafoati tu, to shukrguzorii on, ki uro paygambari tu sokhta, to chunonchi tu imruz bo vay menozi, fardo u bo tu menozad va chunonchi tu imruz ba salavoti u mepardozi, fardo u ba shafoati tu mepardozad.

Nati Sayidoi Nasafi:

Hilvatsaroi Rizvon koshonai tu boshad,

Suyi bihisht pohe az khonai tu boshad.

Az mah girifta shame gardad ba girdi kuyat,

SHab to ba ruz khurshed parvonai tu boshad.

Farhodu Besutunash cange ba dasti tiflon,

Musovu kuhi Turash devonai tu boshad.

Hargiz labe nadidam kholi zi guftuguyat,

Har jo, ki meniham gush afsonai tu boshad.

Har zarraro ba khurshed imruz oshnoist,

Dar zeri osmon kist begonai tu boshad.

Sarchashmai dahonam girdobi bahri rahmat,

Az obi magfirat pur paymonai tu boshad.

Devorro ba mijgon to hashr metarosham,

Binam chu suratero dar khonai tu boshad.

CHun Sayido nuh aflok hastand khushachinat,

CHun dom chashmi olam bar donai tu boshad.

Dar «Riyozu-l-uns» meguyad, ki: “Salavot bar zikri Hudovandi rohij ast. Ba daleli on, ki dar zikr farmud: «Fa-zkuruni azkurkum» in jo zikri Hudro ba zikri banda muqobala farmud va dar bobi salavot farmud, yak salavotro dah salavot mefiristam, yane: «Ey banda, agar sanoi Man yak bor guyi, Man yak bor turo sano guyam va agar sanoi Habibi Man bigui yak bor, Man turo sano guyam dah bor, zero ki nazdi muhib nomi habibi u burdan va avsofi kamolu nuuti jamoli u bayon kardan ba marotib behtar ast az digar kamoli muhabbat, zero ki ehtimomi muhib bar holi mahbub beshtar ast az ekhtimomi ba holu nafsi khud».

Nazm:

Maro bar tan ba joyi jon tu boshi,

Zi jon khushtar chi boshad, on tu boshi.

Tufayli mycm jon andar tani man,

Fidoyat sozam, ar jonon tu boshi.

Base dard ast az gam dar dilam, lek

CHi gam doram, agar darmon tu boshi.

Zi farmonat tajovuz chun tavon kard,

CHu andar shahri dil sulton tu boshi.

YAk durud va yak rahmat az jonibi Alloh taolo baroi hamai jahon kofist. CHi joyi on, ki dar muqobili firistodani yak durud dah rahmat az jonibi u nozil shavad. CHi fazilate buzurgtar az in baroi durud vujud dorad, ki dar ivazi khondani yak durud dah rahmat az jonibi Alloh taolo bar odami nozil shavad. Husho bar holi on buzurgone, ki dar barnomai ruzonai onho besh az yaksad hazor khondani durud vujud doshta boshad!

Dar yak rivoyat az «Targib» az Hazrati Abdulloh ibni Umar (raz) naql shuda, ki: “Har kas bar on Hazrat (s) yak bor durud bifiristad, Alloh taolo va farishtagoni u haftod bor bar vay durud mefiristand». Dar in jo ba yak matlab boyad tavajjuh dosht va on in, ki agar dar borai podoshi har amale podoshhoi mukhtalif ba surati kamu ziyod bayon shuda, chunonki dar in hadis haftod savob va dar hadise digar dah savob bayon shudaast. Nazari baze az ulamo in ast, ki chun altofu inoyoti Hudovandi mutaol bar ummati muhammadiya ruzafzun budaand, az in jihat rivoyote, ki podoshashon dar onho ziyodtar mazkur ast, mutaalliq ba bad hastand va guyo Hudovandi mutaol nakhustin navid dah savob va sipas navid haftod savobro bayon farmudaast. Va baze digar az ulamo in tafovutro ba lihozi afrod va ahvolu avqoti mukhtalif medonand. Mullo Ali Qori (pah) dar borai rivoyoti haftod navishtaast, ki: «SHoyad in makhsusi ruzi juma boshad, zero ki dar rivoyoti digar bayon shuda, ki ajru podoshi amoli nek dar ruzi juma to haftod barobar doda meshavad».

Nati SHahdii Istaravshani:

Ofarin bar qadi diljuyi Muhammad salavot,

Bod bar orazu abruyi Muhammad salavot.

Mefiristam salavot bod turo az dilu jon,

Hamchu bo qomatu bozui Muhammad salavot.

Dargirift kavnu makon otashi ishqat aftod,

Mast shud in hama az buyi Muhammad salavot.

Kay muram, khok shavam, omada khudro bikusham,

Jon diham dar sari zonui Muhammad salavot

Nadiham yak sari muyi tu baolam hargiz

Dar haqi nargisu gesuyi Muhammad salavot.

SHahdiyo, az dilu jon guy hama nati Rasul,

Ruzu shab dar sari on kuyi Muhammad salavot.

[1] Sab – dashnom.

[2] Surai Ahzob, oyati 56.

[3] Inqiyod – farmonbardori.

[4] Malai alo – guruhi farishtagon dar olami ulvi.

[5] Salavot — rahmat.

[6] Mustahsin – neku.

[7] Ihonat — past kardan.

[8] Saqfi obgun – osmon.

[9] Bayt az Mirzo Soibi Tabrezi.