Anakonda va Piton – Morhoi qalbakipoy

Morhoi qalbakipoy – 60 namud doshta, aksaran kalonjussa meboshand. Namudhoi khurdtarini onho to 1 m meshavad. YAke az morhoi qalbakipoy mori pechon ast, ki sari kalon dorad. Dar nazdikii maqadash du barjastagie hast, ki on nishonai poyhoi aqib meboshad. In nishon medihad, ki ajdodi moron poyhoi chuft doshtaand. Rangi aksariyatashon alo meboshad. Aksariyati onho dar qismkhoi sharqu garbi tropika vomekhurand va bazeashon dar mintaqahoi subtropikiyu dashtu bnyobonhoi Osiyoi Miyona va Kavkaz zindagi mekunand. Mori pechon dar joyhoi jangali guliyu namnoki daryoyu kuli tropika, inchunin dar buttazoru botloqzor bisyorand.

Baroi doshtani tumai khud avval ohista harakat karda, pas zud jahida tumaashro medorad va khalkapechon khafakush mekunad. Namudi az hama kalontarini morhoi qalbaklpoy anakonda (az zoti morhoi obi) ast, ki dar Amerikai Janubi zindagi mekunad. Vay to 10-15 m darozi doshta, dar sokhilhoi botlokii Amazonka nutriya, parrandahoi obiyu botloqi va mohiyonro shikor mekunad. Vay baroi shikor az ob mebyaroyad va hatto ba boloi darakht ham mebaroyad

YAke az namudhoi digari morhoi kalbakipoy pitoni turdor (mori turbadan) ast, ki 5-10 m darozi doshta, dar janubii Osiyo va Arkhipelagi Hindu-Malay pahn shudaast. Namudi digarash mori oddi boshad, 5-10 m darozi va to 100 kg vazn dorad. In mor dar janubii Amerika zindagi mekunad. Dar dashthoi Osiyoi Miyona va Kavkaz mori pechoni khurd vomekhurad, ki daroziash to 1 m meboshad. Vay mori shabgard buda, khazandayu khoyandahoi khurdro shikor mekunad.

Morhoi obi qarib 1000 namud dorad. Az onho bazeash zahrnok ast. YAke az namudi morhoi obi uj (mor)-i oddi ast, ki bezahr buda, rangi siyoh va dar du tarafi sarash du dogi zardi norinji yo safed dorad. Qismi shikamash zard ast. On beshtar dar qismi avrupoi, Sibir va dar Zabaykaleyu Osiyoi Miyona pahn shudaast, ki beshtar dar sokhilhoi botloqzoru daryo va kanalu juyborho qurboqqa, kaltakalos, jonvaroni khoyanda. mohi hasharotro shikor karda, bo dandonhoi tezi ba aqib hamidaash dopgga, furu mebarad. Tobiston dar qabathoi pusidayu namnoki rastani, akhlotu poru to 20 dona tukhm meguzorad. Darozii badanash to 1 m meshavad. Vay dar ruyi zamin pechutob khurda, tez harakat mekunad, dar ob mavjvor va nagz shino menamoyad. Tumai kalon furuburdaash ba meda daromada, dar on jo muddati daroz istoda hazm meshavad. Baroi hamin ham ba chunin mori gushai zinda odatan mohe du marotiba khurok medihand.

Baroi ehsosi muhit va khurokyobi zaboni darozi nugash choki mori obi ahamiyati kalon dorad. Mori obi dar vaqti khazidan zabonashro barovarda, ba vositai on jismhoi girdu atrofashro lams (his) mekunad.

CHashmoni mori obiro pilkkhoi shaffofi vaslshuda muhofizat mekunand. Mori obi dar zimiston ba khobi tabii meravad.

Mori alo az jumlai moroni zahrdor ast, ki rangi on khokistari, jigari, siyohtob meshavad va dar ruyi takhtapushtash rakhi siyohi kaju kileb dorad, ki davomi on to ba cap rafta, naqshi kharfi «H»-ro paydo mekunad.

Ruzona mori alo odatan dar oftobi garm az payi shikori mushon va digar hayvonoti khurd meshavad. U ba tumai doshtaash zahr zada, uro ba halokat merasonad. Gadudi dandoni zahr dar du pakhlui sarash joy giriftaast. Dandonhoi tezi zahrdori on dar holati oromi ba darun hamida, ba kom chaspidaand va hangomi kushodani dahon in dandonho ufuqi rost meshavand. Agar u ba gazab oyad ba hayvonoti kalon yo odam niz zahr mezanad. CHi qadare ki choyi zahrzada ba cap nazdik boshad, hamon kadar khatarnok asg. Bo gazidani hama guna mor favran ba dukhtur murojiat kardan lozim ast. Dar dukhturkhonaho ba muqobili gazidani morhoi zahrdor zardobi makhsus ba kor mebarand. Vale tavassuti chok karda bo khun yakjoya zahrro fishor doda barovardan, joyi gazidaro bo mahluli 1-foizai margansovka (permanganati kaliy) shustan va gayra yorii avvalin rasondan zarur meboshad.

Mori alo tukhme meguzorad, ki dar vay janin allakay inkishof yoftaast. Binobar in ba tezi az tukhm morbachakhoi serharakat mebaroyand. Az in chihat vayro mori nimzindazoy menomand. In alomat imkoniyat medihad, ki moroni alo dar mintaqahoi sernami tobistonash kutoh niz zindagi karda tavonand.

Dar Tojikiston morho dar vodiho va dar teppahoi nazdikuhi vomekhurand, ki dar bayni onho Namudhoi zahrnok va bezahr hastand. Masalan, mori alo dar nishebihoi farozi gilin nagz khazida meravad. ba lonahoi parrandagon daromada. tukhm va khudi onhoro mekhurad. Bazan mori aloro dar boloi darakhtoni tut. seb didan mumkin ast, ki parrandagoni khurdro taqib mekunad. Vay dar sahroyu charogohho khoyandahoi maydaro doshta tumai khud mekunad.

Mori pechoni tropikiro bahoru tobiston va tiramokh lar nishebikhoi kuhi didan mumkin ast, ki khajman khurdu kaltadum buda, rangi pusgash khokistarrangi ravshan ast va dar takhtapushtash yak qator doghoi siyokhdorad. Huroki vay hasharoti kaloni zahrnok, khoyandagon va kaltakalosho meboshand. Vay mush yo kaltakalosro doshta, ba girdi on mepechadu ustukhonhoyashro shikasta, bad furu mebarad.

Az morhoi zahrnoke, ki gazidanashon baroi odamu hayvonot khele khavfnok ast, dar Tochikiston mori afi, mori aynakdor, kavchamor, tirmor zindagi mekunand. Dar bayni onho mori aynakdor kalon ast. Darozii on ba 175 sm merasad. Rangi vay aksaran siyohtob yo siyohi baland buda, shikamash safedtob ast.

Mori aynakdor dar vaqti ba hayvonoti kalon yo bo odam vokhurdan sarashro bolo karda, jinhoi gardanashro tarang mekunad, ki az in sabab gardanash ba nazar gafsi pahn menamoyad. Vay fishshoszanon khatarro his mekunad. Agar odam tasodufan ba mori aynakdori orom rasad, vay hatman zahr mezanad. Gazidan va zahr zadani onho alomati khudmudofiavi va silohi jangiashon meboshad. Zahri mori aynakdor ba markazhoi nafaskashi, dil, asab tez tasir karda, tez az kor mebarorad.

Kavchamor rangi khokistari yo qahvagii baland dopgga, to 150 sm daroz ast. Az har du pahluyash tasmai siyoh meguzarad. Kavchamor dar vodiyu nishebii kuhho to balandii 2500 metr duchor meshavad. Vay dar gori hayvonoti khoyanda, dar zeri tarqishu kharsang, dar zeri reshayu kovokii darakht, dar qamishzor duchor meshavad. Bazan ba boloi darakhton ham khazida mebaroyad. Vay mohi aprel az khob bedor shuda, mohi dekabr ba khobi zimistona meravad. Huroki kavchamor hayvonoti khoyanda, tukhmu chujakhoi kabk, gunjishk va parrandagoni digar ast.

Vay tumaashro doshta, zakhr mezanad va to ba halokat rasidan dar dahonash nigoh medorad, pas furu mebarad. Zahri kavchamor ham baroi odam khatarnok buda, joyi gazidaash avval varam karda, pas kabud meshavad. On joy ba zakhm tabdil yofta, bo osoni sihat nameshavad.

Mori afi (Afi)- 50-80 sm darozi dorad. Rangi zardi khokistarii regmonand dorad. Dar boloi sarash naqshi salib yo «T» dida meshavad. On dar bayni reghoi vodii daryokhoi Panj, Vakhsh, Kofarnikhon va Zarafshon duchor meshavad. Bazan khazida ba tarqishi devor yo manzili odamon medaroyad. U odatan begohi yo shabona serharakat shuda, ruzona az garmy pinhon meshavad. Hurokash hasharoti kalon, khoyandaho, kaltakalos va parrandaho meboshad.

Tirmor mori ruzgard buda, shabona dar lonai khoyandagon, ba tarqishhoi khok yo zeri sang daromada, pinhon meshavad. Badanash boriki khokistarrang va khele serharakat buda, daroziash ba 90 sm merasad. Vay tirvor harakat mekunad va az in sabab onro tirmor nomidaand. Inchunin hamjun tiraki khamirtunukkuni (tiraki osh) daroziyu gafsi dorad. U dar soya yo dar boloi buttai shura istoda, tumaash (kaltakalos)-ro shikor mekunad. Zahri on ba kaltakalos margovar buda, badi 56 soniya tasir mekunad. Dandonhoi juyakdori zahri tirmor dar qismi aqibi jogash joy giriftaand. Binobar in vay odamro bo dandonhoi zakhrnokash gazida nametavonad. Tirmor 2-6 tukhmi darozruyai borik meguzorad, ki az on mohhoi iyul-avgust tirmorchaho mebaroyand.

Dar omukhtani morhoi Tojikiston professoron S.A. CHernov va S.A.Said-Aliev khissai kalon guzoshtaand.