DAVRAI KLIMAKS

DAVRAI KLIMAKS (Climax, climacterium), davrai guzarish az balogati jinsi ba piri. Dar D. k. faoliyati uzvhoi tanosul tadrijan sust megardad. D. k. dar zanon beshtar dar 45 – 50-solagi, dar mardon dar 50 – 55-solagi ogoz meyobad. D. k.-i zanon shadidu zud (dar 3 – 5 sol), D. k.-i mardon boshad, tuloni jarayon megirad. Zuhuroti klimaks ba ikhtiloli muvaqqatii faoliyati organizm (az sababi sust shudani funksiyai gadudhoi jinsi) vobasta ast.
Dar khoyai mardho adadi hujayrahoe, ki gormonhoi jinsi hosil mekunand, kam meshavad. Dar natija miqdori gormonhoi jinsi dar khun kam shuda, faoliyati gadudhoi usorai dokhili khalal meyobad. Beshtar kori dilu ragho vayron meshavad: tez zadani dil, charkh zadani sar, hissi nabazon dar sar, sarcharkhzani, baland shudani fishori khun, sust gashtani hofiza va qobiliyati kori va g. CHunin mardho farbeh gashta, mumkin ast dar onho bemorihoi diabeti qandi va niqris ba vujud oyand. YAke az alomathoi D. k. dar mardho sustkamari ast.
Dukhturon, odatan, bad az muoinai mard ba khulosai aniq meoyand. Bo maqsadi tabobat az doruhoi ruhnavoz va taskinbakhsh, vitaminho, trankvilizatorho va g. istifoda mekunand. Ikhtiloli vazifavi dar mardon muvaqqati buda, badi muolija raf meshavand.
Inkishofi klimaksi zanho ba tagyiroti vazifavii gipotalamus, gipofiz va tukhmdon (nig. Davrai hayz) vobasta buda, bo tanazzuli tadrijii faoliyati hayz zohir megardad. Fosilai ruzhoi bayni hayz ziyod va hayz tadrijan qat meshavad. Tafsiri in holat chunin ast: dar 45 – 50-solagi dar gipotalamus tagyiroti sinnusoli, az jumla qati ikhroji davrii neyrogormonhoe, ki angezandai kori gipofizand (gormonhoi gipofiz dar navbati khud ba uzvhoi tanosul tasir merasonand) ba amal meoyand. Dar natija jarayoni pukhta rasidani tukhmhujayra qat gardida, luobpardai bachadon tunuk, intiqoli impulsi asab az on ba tukhmdon va gipotalamus sust meshavad. CHunin tagyiroti organizm bo ikhtiloli kori raghoyu silsilai asab (damidani raghoi khun, dardi sar, tundmijozi, besomonii khob, sustii qobiliyati kori, baland gashtani fishori khun va g.) jarayon megirad, ki onho niz ba digargunihoi sinnusolii gipotalamus (az jumla markazhoe, ki kori dil, raghoi khun, shush va dig. uzvhoi dokhiliro tanzim mekunand) vobastaand. CHunin holat 1 – 2 sol davom karda, minbad tadrijan barham mekhurad. Tagyiri sinnusoli bo menopauza (qati hayz) ba okhir rasida, dar organizm muvozanat barqaror va salomatii zan behtar meshavad. Alomathoi klimaks dar sinni javoni (ba istiloh klimaksi barmahal) ham mushohida meshavand. Angina, gripp, tonzilliti muzmin, gaymorit ba paydoishi klimaksi barmahal musoidat mekunand. Dar natija ikhroji neyrogormonhoe, ki faoliyati gipofiz va kori uzvhoi tanosulro tanzim mekunand, vayron meshavad. Klimaksi barmahali bonuvoni javon khud az khud nameguzarad (baraks, bo mururi vaqt on metavonad avj girad). Agar tabobatro sari vaqt sar kunand, muvozanati gormonho barqaror khohad shud.
Darajai in yo on nojurie, ki dar D. k. paydo meshavad, ba holati organizm vobasta ast. D. k.-i shakhsoni asabashon noustuvor yo giriftori yagon bemori metavonad orizahoi gunogun ba bor orad: dar in ayyom bemorii kuhna avj girifta, bemorihoi nav paydo meshavand. Dar D. k. ikhtiloli kori gadudi siparshakl (dilzani, larzidani dast), mubodilai moddaho (farbehi yo kharobi), diabet, galayoni khun (gipertoniya) mushohida meshavad. Aksaran ikhtiloli asabiyu ruhi ruy medihad, ki bo hayajonpaziri, zud mutaassir gashtan (khashmgini, giryonchaki), bekhobi va g. zohir meshavad. Bazan ikhtiloli ehsos rukh menamoyad: dar zaminai kayfiyati bad (gamu gussa, norizogi, tundmizoji) khursandi ba amal omada, sipas ba tarsu vahm ivaz meshavad; ipokhondriya (nisbat ba salomatii khud az had ziyod nobovar budan) va nevroz avj megirad. Bazan psikhozi involyutsioni (nig. Bemorihoi ruhi) ruy medihad. Ba in holati noguvor tayyor budan lozim. Ba salomatii khud munosibati oqilona meboyad. Huddori nakardan, nazorat karda natavonistani kayfiyati khud, beqarorii iztirobangez va khudmuolijai besaru somon metavonand boisi on shavand, ki ikhtiloli muvaqqati ba bemorii haqiqi tabdil yobad. Hangomi paydo shudani nishonahoi klimaks ba dukhtur murojiat kardan lozim ast.
Baroi barqaror kardani muvozanati ehsosi doruhoi gunogunro istifoda mebarand. Dar in davra zanho boyad baroi muoinai profilaktiki (dar 6 moh 1 marotiba) ba dukhturi ginekolog murojiat kunand (dar in davra bemorihoi gunoguni ginekologi inkishof meyoband). Rioyai qoidahoi gigiena baroi nigahdorii salomati dar D. k. ahamiyati kalon dorad