Ahmiyati mashqhoi jismoni baroi mushak va skelet

Inkishofi sistemai takyagoh va harakati odam. Skeleti mushakhodar bachagi va navrasi inkishof meyobad. Mushakho dar sinni 14-17-solagi bosurat inkishof yofta, dar sinni 18-solagi barobari mushakhoi kalonsolon meshavand. Ba haddi inkishof va tashakkul yoftani kudak harakathoyash ham toraft mukammal va gunogun meshavand. Dar inkishofi tavonoi, chobukiyu choloki va tobovarii odam mashqhoi jismoni naqshi halkunanda mebozand.

Mashguliyati tarbiyai jismoni, varzish va mehnat boisi tashakkulyobii skelet megardad. Dar on joye, ki payi mushakho mechaspand nohamvori, barjastagi, qirrahoi ustukhoni paydo meshavand. Ustukhon dar on samthoe teztar mesabzad, ki bisyortar kashish yo fishor meyobad. Hamin tariq, mushakhoi badan chi qadare ki nagz inkishof yoband, skelet hamon qadar mustahkam meshavad. Dar vaqti tagyir yoftani vazni badan, masalan hangomi az meyor ziyod farbeh shudan, vazni badan ziyod shuda, ba bugumho beshtar fishor meorad.

Dar natija ba bemorii bugumdard giriftor shudan mumkin ast.  Ahamiyati varzish baroi mushakho. Muayyan shudaast, ki har yak uzvi badan nisbat ba holati oromi dar vaqti kor kardan bisyortar khun qabul mekunad. CHi qadare ki mushak bisyor kor kunad, hamon qadar bisyortar moddahoi gizoi va oksigen ba on dokhil meshavand. Dar holati ba varzishi badan mashgul shudan nakhhoi mushak inkishof yofta, odam purquvvat meshavad. Dar vaqti kor kardani mushak faoliyati bisyorii uzvho, sistemai dilu ragho, uzvhoi nafaskashi tagyir meyoband.

Boftaho bisyortar oksigenro qabul mekunand, reaksiyai biokhimiyavi dar hujayraho avj megirad, mubodilai moddaho dar boftaho faoltar meguzarad. Varzishi badan ba tamomi organizm tasiri musbat rasonida, salomatii odam mustahkam meshavad, odam obutob meyobad va ba har guna tasiroti nomutadili beruna mutobiq meshavad.

Bo mehnatu varzishu mashqu bozihoi varzishi payvasta mashgul shuda, minbad onhoro muntazam ziyod kardan lozim ast. Be tayyorii munosibi jismoni bozii duru daroz, masalan futbol, khokkey, basketbol, davidan ba masofai dur metavonad ba organizmi bequvvat tasiri manfi rasonad. YAkchand olimoni mashhur, ba monandi akademik I.P.Pavlov, navisandai maruf L.N.Tolstoy umri daroz didaand, baroi on ki bad az kori fikri bisyortar ba kori jismoni mashgul meshudand.

Peshgiri kardani kajshavii sutunmuhra va pahnkafii (rostkafii) poy. Organizmi odam tavassuti bisyor mushakho, az jumla mushakhoi takhtapusht dar holati muayyan nigoh doshta meshavad. Masalan, mushakhoi rostkunanda odamro «rostqomat» mekunand. Baroi dar holati rost nigoh doshtani badan mushakhoi rostkunanda boyad na tanho dar muqobili mushakhoi qatkunanda, balki inchunin ba muqobili mushakhoi kashishkhuranda, ki yakjoya bo onho amal mekunand, istodagari namoyand.

Qomati rost, bozui purquvvat, sinai farrokh, sari baland – hamai inho alomathoi andomi khub, yane zeboi, salomati va korshoyamand. SHonai nohamvoru khamida, sinai fururafta kori uzvhoi daruni, dar navbati avval kori uzvhoi nafaskashi, dil va raghoi magzi sarro dushvor mesozad.

Qomati zebo modarzodi nabuda, bad paydo meshavad. Vay dar khurdsoli va navrasi tashakkul yofta, bad az 18-solagi bartaraf kardani nuqsonhoyash dushvor meshavad. Dar sinnu soli maktabi vaqte, ki boftahoi tagoyaki hanuz purra ba ustukhon tabdil nayoftaand, hangomi sari miz va parta nishastan az qadu qomat bokhabar shudan khele muhim ast. Sutunmuhrai talabae, ki ruz ba ruz qomatashro nodurust nigoh doshta meshinad yo kor mekunad, mumkin ast, ki kaj shavad (rasmi 36). Kajshavii sutunmuhra faoliyati uzvhoi dokhiliro dushvor mesozad.

Agar navrason poyafzoli hajmash khurd va poshnabaland pushand, in ba nodurust inkishof yoftani kafi poy va nihoyat pahn shudani on, ba pahnkafi ovarda merasonad. Kafi poyi kalonsolon ham, ki az rui kasbu korashon duru daroz rost meistand yo hamesha roh megardand, hamvor meshavad. Ba poshnapahni farbehi musoidat mekunad. Kafi poyi odamon vaqti rohgardi va istodan dard mekunad. Dar natijai mashqhoi makhsusi jismoni Poshnapahniro bartaraf kardan mumkin ast.

Savolho:

1. CHaro muntazam ba varzishi badan mashgul shudan ba inkishofi mushaku skeleti odam ovarda merasonad?
2. Baroi chi sutunmuhra kaj meshavad?
3. Baroi kaj nashudani sutunmuhra chi boyad kard?
4. Sababi asosii poshnapahni chist?
5. Poshnapahniro (ploskoskopiya) chi tavr peshgiri kardan mumkin ast?
6. Mehnati jismoni, mashguliyati tarbiyai jismoni va varzish ba organizm chi khel tasir merasonad?