Biologiya

Az 250 000 namudi rastanihoi guldori mavjudbuda taqriban 25000 kheli onhoro rastanihoi oilai murakkabgul tashkil medihand. Rastanihoi ba oilai murakkabgulho taallukdoshta aksaran rastanihoi alafii bisyorsola buda, khelhoi rastanihoi yaksola, nimbutta, butta va darakhtiashon khele kam vomekhurad. Bargi onho sodda, nazdbarg nadorand, kanorhoi pahnaki barg yaklukht yo hissashuda meboshad. Dar uzvhoi …

Ba oilai chatrgulho 3000 namudi rastaiiho mansuband va onho dar tamomi rui Zamin vase pahn shudaand. Miqdori ziyodi namoyandagoni oilai chatrgulho dar nohiyahoi iqlimashon garmu mutadil va mintaqahoi subtropiki, tropiki vomekhurand. Dar Tojikiston 170 namudi rastanihoi oilai chatrgulho malumand. Aksari namudhoi in oila rastanihoi alafii yaksola va bisyorsola buda, namudhoi …

Ba oilai labgulho 3500 namudi rastaniho dokhil meshavand, ki az in 198 namudi on dar Tojikiston mesabzand. Aksari rastanihoi in oila alafi yaksola, bisyorsola va nimbuttagi buda, faqat dar mintaqahoi tropiki baze shaklhoi darakhtii onho vomekhurad. Namoyandagoni oilai labgulho poyai chorqirra dorand. Bargi onho soddai kanorhoyash yaklukht buda, dar poya …

Ba oilai avranjiho 2500 kheli rastaniho dokhil meshavand. Onho dar mintaqahoi tropiki, subtropiki va marzhoi iqlimashon mutadil, alalkhusus, dar Amerikai Markazi va Janubi vase pahn gardidaand. Rastanihoi oilai avranjiho asosan alafi, buttagi yo darakhti nachandon kalon meshavand. Hamai namoyandagoni oilai avranjiho sokhti ba hamdigar monandi gul va meva dorand. Gulpushi …

Ba oilai nastaraniho ziyoda az 3000 namudi rastanihoi alafi, buttagi va darakhti mansub ast. Dar Tojikiston taqriban 142 namudi rastanihoi khudruy va mazruii oilai nastaraniho malumand. Sokhti bargashon gunogun buda, dar darakhti seb, nok, bihi va gayra sodda, dar shohtuti zamini va marminjon — sechanda, dar nastaran – parmonandi murakkab …

Oilai lubiyoiho yake az kalontarin oilahoi sinfi rastanihoi dupalla ba shumor meravad. In oila takriban 12 hazor namudi rastanihoi yaksola, bisyorsolai alafiyu buttagi va darakhtiro darbar megirad. Dar bayni onho rastanihoi kishovarzi (az qabili mushung, lubiyo, lubiyoi chini (soya), boqilo, chormagzi zamini, mosh, nakhud va gayra), oroishi (aqoqiyoi zard, guli …

Ba oilai angur qarib 700 namudi rastaniho mansub ast. Onho dar mintaqahoi iqlimashon mutadil, subtropiki va tropikii hardu nimkurahoi Zamin pahn shudaand. Ba oilai angur namudhoi shaklashon darakhti, buttagi va chubrost (lianmonand) dokhiland. Joygirshavii barg dar poya va navdaho navbati va rubaru meboshad. SHakli barg khele gunogun ast. Aksaran 3-5 …

Ba oilai obnusiho du avlod va 500 namudi rastaniho mansuband. Onho rastanihoi darakhti va butgagii hameshasabz yo khazonrez (agar dar iqlimi khunuk va khushk sabzand) meboshand. Rastanihoi alafi va chubrosti (lianmonandi) onho malum nestand. Aksari rastanihoi in oila dar mintaqahoi tropiki nashunamo karda, qismi kami onho dar sharoiti iqlimi subtropiki …

Ba in oila 900 namudi rastaniho dokhil meshavand. Onho beshtar dar mintaqahoi tropiki va subtropikii kurai Zamin, az jangalhoi tropikii namnok to dashtu biyobonho, pahn gardidaand. Hususan, namudhoi ziyodi khudrui oilai kadugulon dar Afriqo, Osiyo va Amerika beshtar vomekhurand. Dar mintaqahoi iqlimashon mutadil boshad, mikdori kadugulon kamtar ba chashm merasand. …

Ba oilai chillikgulho 3200 namudi rastanihoi yak yo dusola va bisyorsola taalluq dorand. Aksari onho giyohhoi alafi ba shumor meravand. Onho dar rui Zamin nobarobar pahn shuda, miqdori ziyodi namoyandagonashon dar mintaqahoi nimkurai shimoli vomekhurand. Dar nohiyahoi tropiki va nimkurai janubi boshad, dar kukhporaho pahn shudaand. CHillikgulho dar sharoiti gunoguni …