Biologiya

Odamon az zamonhoi qadim mohigiri karda, gushtu tukhmaki onro mekhurdand. Holo ravganu ustukhon va pusti mohi kham istifoda burda meshavad (az jumla dar Tojikiston. Qismi ziyodi mohii shikorshuda istemol meshavad, tanho qismi kamash baroi tayyor kardani ordi Mohi (khuroki ilova baroi chorvo, parranda, havzkhoi mohiparvari) va khamchun nuri istifoda burda …

Dar muhiti obhoi Tojikiston to hol ziyoda az 40 namudi mohiho malumand. Az onho bazeashon ahamiyati kalon dorand. SHirmohi dar obhoi shirin zindagi mekunad. Daroziash to 50 sm buda, vaznash 1-2 kg meshavad. Vay dar daryohoi khurdu kaloni serobu kamobi kukhiston beshtar vomekhurad, Bazan dar obhoi khunuki shaffof chunin mohiho …

Hun moddai gizoii az devori rudayu meda guzashta va oksigeni az devorahoi galsama giriftaashro ba tamomi uzvhoi badan ravon karda, khujayrahoro az gizoyu orsigen tamin mekunad. Markazi harakatdihandai khun dar ragho mushakhoi dil meboshad. Dili mohi az khaltachahoi mushakii dukhonagi (medacha va dahlez) iborat ast. Raghoe, ki khun ba vositai …

To galabai inqilobi Oktyabr dar tamomi Osiyoi Miyona, az jumla Tojikistoni imruza baroi inkishofi hamatarafai ilmhoi tabiatshinosi, makhsusan fizika, kimiyo, geologiya, jugrofiya, astronomiya, biologiya (botanika nabototshinosi, zoologiya — mahlukshinosi, inson yo faoliyati uzvhoi on) va dakhlo shokhahoi judogonai in ilmho imkoniyat mahdud bud, az in ru, fanhoi nomburda bo tamomi …

Tavsifi umumii zernavi muhradoron Ba namoyandagoni muhradoroni darajai oli mohiho, obkhokiho, khazandakho, parrandaho va shirkhurkho dokhil meshavand. Dar hamai onho nugi peshi asab gafs shuda, magzi sarro tashkil kardaast va qismi boqimondai naychai asab harommagz ast. Dar girdi khorda ustukhonbandi tagoyaki yo purra ustukhoni inkishof meyobad, ki muhraho dorad. Miqdori …

Baroi sabzish va inkishofi rastanihoi jamoai nabotot sharoithoi muayyan lozimand. Onho khususan, ba tasiri omilkhoi mukhtalifi tabiat (rushnoi, nami, harorat, mavjudiyati namakhoi madani, gizoi) zich vobastagi dorand. Tasiri rushnoi ba rushdu inkishofi jamoai nabotot. Dar hayoti rastaniho rushnoi yake az omilhoi muhimu asosi ba hisob meravad. Faoliyati hayotii rastanihoi sabz …

Gulsangho yake az organizmhoi makhsus tashakkulyoftai rastanihoi darajai past meboshand. Jismi (tanai) qabat-qabati onho az du organizm – obsabz va zanburug tarkib yoftaast va chun yak organizmi tom faoliyati hayoti zohir mekunad. Az du organizm iborat budani gulsanghoro bori avval olimi olmoni S. SHvendr soli 1867 muay- yan kardaast. Dar …

Zanburugho guruhi kaloni organizmho buda, taqriban 100 hazor namud dorand. Onhoro az rui tasnifoti hoziramalkunanda ba 6 sinf judo menamoyand, ki az inkho 3-toash ba zanburughoi darajai past va 3-toi digarash ba zanburugkhoi darajai oli mansuband. Agar zanburughoi darajai past sokhti yakhujayragi doshta boshand, zanburughoi darajai oli bisyorkhujayraand. Takhmin meravad, …

Baze namudhoi bakteriyahoi ba tavri geterotrofi gizogiranda ba organizmhoi zinda dokhil shuda, moddahoi organikii onhoro ba sifati gizo istifoda mebarand (yane paraziti yo tufaylikhuri mekunand) va boisi paydoshavii kasalihoi gunoguni on organizmho megardand. Iiho bakteriyahoi kasaliangez yo paraziti meboshand. Bakteriyahoi kasaliangez ba badani (organizmi) odamon dokhil shuda, az moddahoi organikii …

Gunogunii rastaniho va paydoishi onho: Nabototi sayyorai mo khele gunogun ast. Dar on ziyoda az 350 hazor namudi rastaniho nashunamo mekunand. Pahnshavii rastaniho dar kurai Zamin yakkhela va barobar nestand. Dar beshazorhoi mintaqai tropiki (Hususan, tropikai namnok) az hama ziyodtar namudhoi gunoguni rastani meruyand. Onho mansubi tamomi guruhhoi tasnifotii olami …