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DAVLATHOI JAHON

Tasviri davlatho dar kharitai siyosii jahon. Holo dar jahon beshtar az 200 davlat mavjud ast. Badi barham khurdani Ittifoqi SHuravy va ba vujud omadani davlathoi mustaqil miqdori onho ziyod gardid. Qarib khamai davlathoi jahon mustaqil meboshand. Hamai onho dar kharitai makhsus tasvir yoftaand, ki onro kharitai siyosii jahon menomand. On vaziyati hozirai jahonro hamchun oina aks msnamoyad. Mamlakathoe, ki dar kharitai siyosii jahon tasvir yoftaand, az yakdigar bo andozai masohat, mavqei geografi, miqdori aholi, hayati milli va shaklhoi sokhti davlati farq mekunand.

Ammo ba guruhho judo namudani davlathoro dar kharitai jahon ii tafovutho ne, balki ba kadom sokhti jamiyati mansub budani onho, muayyan menamoyad. Hamin farqiyati asosiro ba nazar girifta, davlathoi jahonro ba du guruh judo namudaand: mamlakathoi sotsialisti va mamlakathoi kapitalisti. Ba mamlakathoi sotsialisti hamon mamlakatkhoe dokhil meshavand, ki tamomi boigariho jamyati yo umumidavlaty meboshand. To barham khurdani Ittihodi SHuravi va sistemai mamlakathoi sotsialisti dar jakhon 15 mamlakati sotsialisti vujud dosht. Holo az on sistema hamagy 5 davlati sotsialisti boqi mondaast.

Aksariyati davlatkhoi jakhonro davlatkhoi kapitalisti tashkil menamoyand. Dar in davlatho hama boigariho molikiyati shakhsi meboshand. In mamlakatho az jihati darajai taraqqiyot dar zinahoi gunogun istodaand. On davlathoero, ki az tobeiyati mustamlikavy ozod shudaand, mamlakathoi ru ba inkishof menomand, ki dar bayni mamlakathoi kapitalisti yak guruhi kalonro tashkil menamoyand. Badi ba dast darovardani istiqloliyat aksariyati onho  rohi kapitalisty va faqat bazei onho rohi sotsialistii taraqkiyotro intikhob kardaand. Hamai onho doroi iqtisodiyoti susttaraqkikarda meboshand.

Maksad va mazmuni kharitai siyosni jahon. Haritai siyosii jahon dar miqyosi khurd sokhta shudaast. Maqsadi on tasviri masohat, mavqei geografi va poytakhti har yak mamlakat meboshad. Dar on sarhadi mamlakatkhoi alohidaro bo ranghoi gunogun rang karda, hududi bayni onhoro bo khathoi kanda-kanda ishora namudaand. Dar rui on nomi mamlakathoro sabt namuda, nomi poytakhtashonro navishtaand. On mamlakathoe, ki qalamravashon khurd astu ba miqyosi kharita muvofiqat namekunand, onhoro bo raqam ifoda namuda, dar poyoni kharita nom va poytakhtashonro menavisand.

Nuqtahoi aholinishinro bo punson (doiracha)-khoi gunogunhajm ifoda namudaand. Doirachaho miqdori aholii nuqtai aholinishinro nishon medihand. Binobar in buzurgii doiracha az rui miqdori aholy ba se guruh judo meshavad: az I million ziyod, az 100 hazor to 1 million, az 100 hazor kamtar. Muvofiqi alomathoi sharti Rohhoi ohan, moshingard va obi guzaronida shudaand. Nomi kalontarin daryoho, kulho, jaziraho, bahrho va shahrhoi jahonro navishtaand. Haritai siyosii jahon va kharitahoi digari talimy hangomi omuzishi kurshoi geografiyai sinfhoi VI IX istifoda burda meshavand.

Savol va suporish

  1. Dar jahon chand mamlakat vujud dorad va chandtoi onho davlathoi mustaqil meboshand?
  2. Haritai siyosii jahon baroi chi lozim ast?
  3.  Davlathoi jahon az jihati sokhti jamiyatiashon ba chand guruh judo meshavand?
  4. Mazmuni kharitai jahonro chiho tashkil medihad?
  5. Az rui kharitai siyosii jahon muayyan kuned, ki Tojikiston dar kadom materik voqe gardidaast va bo kadom davlatho hamhudud meboshad?

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