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Biologiya

Harakati rastaniho

semishka

Agarchande rastaniho dar yak joy muqimy sabzand ham, vale vobasta ba tasiri omilhoi muhiti beruna va gayraho dar ravandi rushdu inkishofashon harakathoi gunoguni uzvhoi ruizamini va zerikhokii onhoro mushohida kardan mumkin ast. Qismi ziyodi harakati rastani — sabzishi meboshad. Dar natijai sabzishi poyavu navdaho rastaniho botadrij ba tarafhoi gunogun sabzida, …

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TAJRIBAHOI LABORATORI

injenerno-ekolog-izyskan-1

№1 SHINOHTANI UZVHOI RASTANIHOI GULDOR Rastanihoi ba shumo dodashudaro bodiqqat az nazar gu- zaroned. Uzvhoi onhoro aniq kuned. Sipas, uzvhoi onhoro bo yakdigar muqoisa kunsd. Monandi va farkdyati onhoro muayyan kuned. Rasmi yake az in rastanihoro dar daftaraton kashed. Dar shafati uzvho nomi onhoro qayd kuned. Guli turbkohak yo yagon …

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Davrahoi hayoti rastaniho: janini, javoni, kamolot, pironsoli

gul

Rastaniho dar muddati faoliyati hayotiashon vaznu andozai resha, poya va navdavu bargashon sol az sol muntazam afzuda, na tanho mesabzand, onho inchunin inkishof yofta, khususiyatu khosiyathoi nav ba nav paydo mekunand. Az in ru, dar rastanihoi guldor, yane pushidatukhmon chor davrai inkishof farq karda meshavad. Saravval, ovoni janini — az …

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Aloqai mutaqobilai uzvhoi rastani

Faoliyati hamai uzvhoi rastanihoi guldor ba hamdigar zich aloqamand meboshad. Masalan, dar barghoi sabz agar obro reshaho jabbida dastrasi bargi rastaniho nagardonand, fotosintez guzashta nametavonad. Be moddahoi madanie, ki onhoro reshaho jabbida megi- rand moddahoi organikii murakkab, khususan safedaho nametavo- nand hosil shavand. Dar navbati khud reshaho ham nametavonand nagz …

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Zakhirashavi va istifodabarii moddaho

YAk qismi muayyani (mikdori barziyodi) moddahoi organiki qand, ohar, safeda, ravgan dar boftaho va uzvhoi makhsus gun va zakhira meshavad. Masalan, ohar — moddai zakhiravii az hama mamultarin meboshad. Ohar dar rastaniho, khususan dar hujay- rahoi berangi boftai zakhiravi dar namudi donachaho gun meshavad (lundai kartoshka). Gunshavi yo zakhirashavii ohar …

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Rohhoi harakati moddaho dar rastani

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Moddahoe, ki dar natijai in yo on hodisa (ravand) hosil shuda- and, dar yak joy qaror namegirand. Onho pesh az hama dar dokhili (tavassuti) hujayra harakat karda, az yak juzi (organoisi) hujay- ra ba digarash, az sitoplazma ba plastid va yo ba jonibi qismhoi darsabzishbudai jildi hujayra (masalan, hangomi hosil …

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Hosil shudani tukhm va meva

hosilshavii-tuxm

Hujayratukhmi bordorshuda (zigota) ba du hujayra taqsim meshavad. Har kadome az in hujayraho dar navbati khud taqsim megardad va gayra. Dar natijai borho taqsim shudani hujayra janini bisyorhujayrai rastanii nav tashakkul meyobad. Az hujayrai kalontarini markazii khaltai janin, ki bo nutfai duyum omekhta shudaast, hujayrai endosperm, ki dar on moddahoi …

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Vazifahoi asosii hayoti rastaniho

botanika

Hamai rastaniho sokhti hujayragi dorand va onho bo hamdigar aloqamandand. Az in jost, ki vayronshavii sokht va faoliyati hayotii yak uzv ba faoliyati hayotii digar uzv betasir nameboshad. SHumo aknun ba bisyor khususiyathoi muhimi dokhili va berunii rastanihoi guldor va ba vazifayu khosiyathoi uzvho va boftahoe, ki dar ravandhoi gunoguni …

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Mubodilai moddaho va tabdili energiya

harakatkunii-ob

A.gar rastaniho az muhiti beruna moddahoi baroi onho zaruriro muntazam qabul nakunand zindagi karda nametavonand. Organizme, ki gizo namegirad, nafas namekashad oqibat nobud meshavad. Dar navbati khud, dar ravandi faoliyati hayotiash rastani baze moddahoro ba muhiti beruna khorij mekunad: oksigenro dar natijai fotosintez; gazi karbonatro dar vakti nafaskashi; obi barziyodro …

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Gulro gardolud kardani hasharot, shamol

gardoludkuni

Rastanihoi guldor odatan meva hosil mekunand. Vale baroi hosil shudani meva gardoludshavii gul sharti zaruri meboshad. Dar vaqti gardoludshavi gard az gardbarg ba gardgiraki tukhmdon ovarda meshavad. Burdani gard az gardbargi yak gul ba gardgiraki tukhmdoni guli digar gardoludshavii dutarafa nomida meshavad. Aknun savole paydo meshavad, ki gard chi tavr …

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