Biologiya

Qobiliyat ba inkishof khosiyati umumii materiya meboshad. Zeri mafhumi inkishof jarayoni bebozgashti qonunhoi tagyiryobii obekthoi tabiati zinda va gayrizinda fahmida meshavad. Dar natijai inkishof dar obekt sifathoi nav paydo shuda, sokhtori on tagyir meyobad. Inkishofi shakli zindai materiya yo inkishofi fardiro ontogenez va inkishofi tarikhii onro filogenez menomand. Dar davomi …

Tajdid dar natijai afzoishi gayrijinsi va jinsii fardho ba vuqu mepayvandad. Nasli organizmhoi zinda, odatan ba volidonashon monand meboshand. Masalan, az gurba – gurbacha, az sag – sagbacha tavlid meshavad, az doni gandum – gandum va az tukhmi (donai) jav – jav meruyad. Amyobai yakhujayra dar vaqti afzoish ba du …

 Kalimai diskret az lotinii diskretum girifta shuda, manoyash fosila, judo shudan ast. Mustaqiliyat khosiyati umumii materiya meboshad. Az fanhoi khimiya va fizika ba shumo malum ast, ki har yak atom az zarrachahoi nisbatan khurdtar iborat buda, atomho boshand, molekulahoro hosil mekunand. Hayot niz dar zamin dar shakli mustaqil vomekhurad. In …

Hamai organizmhoi zinda qobiliyati mubodilai moddahoro bo muhiti beruna dorand. Onho moddahoi baroi gizo zarurro girifta, mahsuli faoliyati hayoti kheshro khorij mekunand. Dar tabiati gayrizinda niz mubodilai moddaho vujud dorad. Vale dar gardishi gayribiologii modda onho az yak jo ba joi digar burda meshavand (masalan, hodisai eroziyai khok yo bodkhurdashavi, …

Biologiya az kalimai yunonii bio – hayot va logos – ilmgirifta shuda, manoyash ilm dar borai hayot ast. In istilohro dar yak vaqt bo L.Treviranus bori avval soli 1802 tabiatshinosi marufi faronsa Jan Batist Lamark bo maqsadi fahmishi mohiyati ilm dar borai hayot chun hodisai makhsusi tabiat peshnihod kardaast. Biologiya …

Savol: Baroi chi odam araqi ziyod mekunad yo umuman az kadom sabab? Javob: Sababsh dar yakchand omilho meboshad, ki az inho iborat ast: Vazni ziyod az meyor doshtan; Harakathoi ziyod kardan. Agar havo garmu libosi barziyod pushida boshem boz ham araqkuni beshtar meshavad; Asabi budan; Dil zud-zud tapish karda ba …

Rastaniho in yake az guruhi organizmhoi merusta (rastida meshuda) meboshad ki ba oilai on: Darakhton; Alafho; Obsabzho, Horho; Zamburugho meboshand. Bo nazardoshti davrai hayot doshtani rastaniho, yane rustidan az zamin, kalon shudan, gul kardan, bordor shudan, hosil-samara dodan va nobut shudan rastanihoro ba organi zinda hamroh menamoyand.   Boyad qayd kard, …

Agar dar jumhurii mo ba sohai mohiparvari diqqatu etibori jiddi doda shavad, solona to 5 hazor tonna gushti mohi istehsol kardan mumkin ast. In nishondod baroi tamini amniyati ozuqavorii mo khele ham musoidat menamoyad. Holo dar jumhuri parvarishi mohi dar sad muassisahoi kompleksi agrasanoati ba roh monda shuda, tanho dar …

Dardi miyon in bemories, ki novobasta az sinu soli kas paydo meshavad va azobe ki u ba inoson mediham ham imkoniyati kor nakardanro medihadu va ham asabhoro kharob mekunad. Sababi paydoishi dardi miyon gunogun meshavad va dar bayni az hama pahnshudatarin sabab in kajshavii sutunmuhra meboshad, ki dar natijai on …

BIOLOGIYAI MOLEKULAVi, yake az faslhoi biologiya, ki ravandhoi dokhilii hayotro tadqiq mekunad. B. m. ba sifati sohai mustaqili ilm ibt. s-hoi 50 a. 20 dar natijai pesh raftani donishho oid ba sokht va amali chunin payvasthoi muhimi khimiyavi, az qabili safedaho va kislotahoi nukleat, ba vujud omadaast. Vazifai B. m. …