ZAHROLUDi AZ SHAROB

ZAHROLUDi AZ SHAROB. Dar zindagi az sharob giriftori zahroludi shudan hodisai muqarrarist. SHarob zahri tasirash narkozi buda, odamro nafaqat mast, balki zahrolud niz mekunad. In, odatan, pas az istemoli miqdori ziyodi sharob (beshtar az 500 ml) ba amal meoyad. Vale dar ashkhose, ki az sababi bemori zaif va khele khasta gashtaand, makhsusan dar kudakon, meyori andaki on metavonad sababi zahroludi gardad.
Dar holathoi sabuki zahroludi az spirti etil ikhtiloli faoliyati ruhi, tez zadani dil, baland shudani fishori khun, sarcharkhzani, dilbehuzuri va qay mushohida meshavand. Hangomi zahroludii vaznin boshad, ikhtiloli amiqi sistemai asabhoi markazi (to darajai behushi) rukh medihad.
Dar holati behush gashtan, nafaskashi va faoliyati dil khalal yofta, hissi dard az bayn meravad. Odam araq mekunad, rukhsora sup-surkh va khunraghoi safedii chashm namoyon meshavand. Luobi dahonu bini ziyod va bazan kafnok megardad; gayriikhtiyor darun meravad. Az sababi ba rohi nafas aftodani luob va moddai qay yo darun raftani zabon, nafaskashi mushkil va khirrosi khohad shud. Dar baze holatho, agar miqdori istemoli sharob khele ziyod boshad, markazi nafas (dar maynai sar) kharob gashta, nafaskashi ruyaki, nabz tez va fishori khun past meshavad. Z. bazan boisi orizahoi noguvor ham megardad. Mas., dar shakhse, ki giriftori bemorii qand ast, zahroludii vaznin az sharob mumkin ast boisi igmoi diabeti shavad (nig. Diabeti qandi). Meyori ziyodi sharob bazan dar ashkhosi giriftori bemorii gipertoniya va ateroskleroz mujibi ikhtiloli gardishi khun dar magzi sar, saktai magzi sar yo saktai dil megardad. Dar ruzi digari badi istemoli sharob qobiliyati kori sust va faoliyati fikri khalaldor meshavad, mumkin ast zarbu lati istehsoli rukh namoyad.
Ba alkuhuli suni vositahoi khimiyavie mansuband, ki onhoro bazan ba joi spirti etil istemol mekunand. Nushokihoe, ki joi alkuhulro megirand, qalbaki va haqiqi meshavand. Guruhi avval mahlulhoi tekhnikie meboshand, ki dar tarkibashon na spirti etil, balki etilenglikol, atseton, spirti metil, dikhloretan dorand. Guruhi duvvum dar tarkibi khud spirti etil dorand; ba onho mahluli doruho va atriyoti kosmetiki mansuband. Etilenglikol dar organizmi odam ba mavodi khele zahrogin – kislotai glikol va oksalat tajziya meshavad. Dar natija sistemai asabhoi markazi illat yofta, hayajon, tashannuj va dertar behushi, ikhtiloli nafas va faoliyati dil ba miyon meoyad. Az sababi hosil shudani namakhoi kislotai oksalat, ki juyakchahoi gurdaro mebandand, nuqsi shadidi gurda ba vuqu mepayvandad.
Dar amaliyai tib bisyor hodisahoi zahroludii ommavi az etilenglikol va spirti metil malumand, ki bo fojia anjom yoftand (onhoro sahvan ba joi spirti etil nushidaand).
Dar surati nushidani atseton rohi hozima ba angezish omada, iltihobi muzmini pardai luobii meda – gastrit paydo meshavad.
Illati az hama vaznin zahroludi az dikhloretan ast. Onro hamchun halkunanda, baroi toza namudani libos, shiresh kardani navori magnitofon va g. istifoda mebarand. Dikhloretan ba hamai uzvho, dar navbati avval ba silsilai dilu ragho, jigar va gurda zarar merasonad. Illati dilu ragho khele zud inkishof meyobad, ki tabobati on dushvor ast; holati behushi bo ikhtilojoti baralo namoyon rukh medihad. Dikhloretan zahri qotil ast. Faqat muolijai favrii kompleksi bo istifodai dastgohi «gurdai suni» metavonad osebdidaro az marg rahonad.
Doruhoe, ki dar tarkibashon spirti etil dorand, ba miqdori ziyod ba furush barovarda meshavand. Az in sabab onho ba aholi komilan dastras meboshand.
Dar tarkibi baze marhamho anestezin mavjud ast, ki meyori zahrnoki on sababi illati khun megardad. Dar in holat khun qobiliyati intiqoli oksigenro ba uzvu boftaho gum mekunad. Dar natija pust va pardahoi luobi kabud gashta, khun chun hangomi zahroludi az anilin yo selitra qahvarang meshavad.
Vositahoi attori va kosmetiki dar tarkibashon spirti etil dorand. Az hamin sabab hangomi nushidani onho aloimi zahroludi az sharob mushohida meshavad. Ilova bar in onho pardai luobii meda va jigarro ba angezish ovarda, boisi gastriti shadid va gepatit megardand.
SHakhsoni giriftori mayzadagi hatto ishhobaobi spirtiro, ki baroi dastkori kardani mebel tain shudaast, istemol mekunand. Dar tarkibi on, gayr az spirti etil, inchunin moddai rangbakhsh – nigrozin vujud dorad. Hangomi nushidani ishhobaob, ba gayr az zahroludii baralo, pusti badan va pardahoi luobi kabudrang meshavand (in holat chand moh boqi memonad).
Araqi dasti ba organizm zarar dorad. Hangomi tayyor kardani on miqdori ziyodi ravgani sivukha hosil meshavad, ki ba kori meda va jigar tasiri manfi merasonad.
Tadbirhoi yorii avvalin dar mavridi zahroludi az hama guna sharob asosan monand meboshand. Ba bemor favran 3 – 4 istakon ob nushonida, medaashro meshuyand (behtarash ba har istakon ob yak qoshuqcha sodai khuroki hamroh mekunand); bo qoshuq bekhi zabonro zer karda (inro ehtiyotkorona ijro kardan lozim, to ki ba pardai luobii gulu zarar narasad), uro ba qay namudan vodor mesozand. Sipas choi talkh yo qahva dodan lozim ast. Medai bemori behushro metavonad faqat kormandi tib, odatan, guruhi yorii tajili bishuyad. To omadani yorii tajili zarardidaro behtarash paru khobonda (be bolisht) sarro ba tarafi rost yo chap megardonand, to ki hangomi qay rohi nafas band nashavad; inchunin ba u spirti navshodirro buy mekunonand.
YOrii avvalin hangomi zahroludi az spirti metil va etilenglikol makhsus ast. Agar zarardida behush naboshad, ba u 100 – 150 ml spirti etil (araq) menushonand. Vazninii holati salomati ba mahsuli tajziyai spirti metil va etilenglikol dar organizm vobasta ast. Spirti etil pozahri faol buda, in tajziyaro ba takhir meandozad. Baroi peshgirii zahroludii shadid nushidani har navi araqhoi dasti, spirthoi nomalum va doruhoe, ki onro ashkhosi az tib bekhabar tavsiya kardaand, qatiyan man ast. Az rui rangu buy navi moddai khimiyaviro muayyan kardan imkonnopazir meboshad.