ZAHM

ZAHM (Vulnus), jarohat, oseb didani boftahost, ki az on pust, luobparda, mushak va g. illat meyoband. Az yarai chuqur nafaqat pustu gozi tahti on, balki mushakho, ustukhonho, asabho, pay, bandakho, bazan raghoi kaloni khun niz ziyon mebinand. Agar zakhm chuqur va ba yagon javf (shikam, kosai sar va g.) sar darovarda boshad, uzvhoi darun ham oseb meyoband.
Jarohat hatman khunrav, dardnok va kanorhoyash boz (az ham dur) meshavad. Z.-hoi nihoyat khunshor (khususan raghoi kalon), uzvhoi daruni va dardashon sakht baroi hayot khatarnok meboshand. Dar dig. holatho ba Z. roh yoftani mikrobho – angezandahoi kuzoz va hori baso khavfnok ast.
Ba har guna Z. (gayr az Z.-i jarrohi) hangomi majruh gashtan albatta mikrobho meaftand; yorii avvalini nodurust ba takroran iflos shudani zakhm zamina meguzorad. Mikrobi ziyod Z.-ro ba khuruj meorad. Mikrobho dar khuni bastai Z.-i chuqur niz khub afzoish mekunand.
Agar Z. az buridan, khalidani chize yo kuftan boshad, ba on angezandaho kamtar roh meyoband; qobiliyati hayotii boftaho dar in qabil zakhmho faqat dar holate vayron meshavad, ki bofta az chizi zakhmovar bevosita oseb dida boshad. Agar oloti zakhmovar har chi qadar tez (burro) boshad, hamon qadar jarohat khurd meshavad (az hamin sabab kordi jarrohiro misli tegi poku tez mekunand). SHakli chunin Z.-ho murakkab nest. Huni Z.-i burida va kufta andarun jam nashuda, ozodona meshorad. Azbaski az Z.-i khalida khun kam rafta, yara boz nameshavad, ba on roh yoftani angezandaho dushvor ast. Siroyati Z.-i boftaho, ki bo khun bagoyat khub tamin meshavand (ruy, pusti sar va g.) kamtar mushohida merasad.
Z.-hoi darida, zarbu lat, aksari Z.-hoi tir va gazidai jonvaron kalon meboshand. Hangomi daridani Z. porchai kaloni pust bo nasji zeri on kanda meshavad. Dar asnoi Z.-hoi kalon (zarbu latkhurda, gijimu majaqshuda), odatan, miqdori ziyodi boftaho nobud yo qobiliyati hayotii onho sust megardad; khunraghoi maydai devorai Z. kafida, bo lakhtahoi khun (trombho) basta meshavand. Dar Z.-e, ki asosan qabat-qabat ast, khun jam megardad. In holat ba orizahoi siroyat, az jumla siroyati anaerobi musoidat mekunad. Siroyati chirkovar niz khatarnok ast, chunki rimi yara ba boftahoi zindai hamshafat guzashta, onhoro mahv mesozad. Dar girdi Z. rimkhonayu flegmonaho paydo meshavand, yane rimi Z. ba dig. qismhoi badan meguzarad.
Dar baze holatho metavonad ufunat ba vujud oyad. Agar rimi Z. bisyor va kuhna boshad, majruh bemador meshavad. Ba Z.-i kalon angezandai kuzoz siroyat kardanash mumkin ast. Z.-i khurdi andake boz va berimu fasod zud sihat meshavad. Dar muddati 7 – 10 ruz kanorhoi Z. bo ham mechaspand, minbad dar joi on andake iz boqi memonad (mas., badi Z.-i jarrohi). Z.-i kalonu boz tadrijan bo boftahoi nav pur shuda, shifo meyobad. Z. dar chand hafta yo moh (vobasta ba andozai yara) durust meshavad. Bo maqsadi peshgirii iflosi ba pusti atrofi Z. mahluli spirtii yod molida, bandinai tamyizshuda mepechonand (nig. Antiseptika, Aseptika).
Agar Z. khunshor boshad, pesh az hama khunraviro qat boyad kard. Dar surati khavfnok budani Z.-i dast yo poy in uzvhoro nojunbon mekunand. Dar natija bo naqliyot ba bemorkhona burdani bemor oson meshavad. Agar Z. oludai khok, jismhoi begona, moddahoi radioaktiv yo zahrdor boshad, yorii tajilii jarroh zarur ast. Hangomi sadama, khunravii ziyod va Z.-i surokhkunanda (mas., zakhmi sari sina, shikam) majruhro zud bo zanbar to nazdi naqliyoti sanitari burdan lozim meoyad.
SHakhse, ki uro sag, gurba yo dig. hayvonot gazidaast boyad favran (hatto yarai khurd boshad ham) ba dukhtur murojiat namoyad. Z.-i khurdu ruyak va toza zeri bandina sihat meshavad (dar surati durust budani yorii avvalin). Agar badi 1 – 2 shaboruzi Z. bardoshtan on dard kunad (in guvohi ogozi orizai siroyatist), boyad hatman ba jarroh murojiat kard (khususan badi Z.-i angushtoni dast, ki metavonad ba khasmol tabdil yobad).