Peyzaji «Tiramohi der». Fazo va perspektivai rakhdor, pahnshavii rushnoi

Bachagon, shumo mushohida karded, ki dar tabiat ranghoi khos mavjud ast va onho az tasiri holathoi gunoguni tabiat tagyir me- yoband. Rangho az holati ravshani, tagyiroti tabiat, joygirshavii durtar-nazdiktari ashyoho, az ashyohoi gunogunrang va az tasiri mutaqobilai rangho vobasta meboshand va tagyiroti onhoro di- dan mumkin ast.
Bo kadom vositahoi badei manzarahoi zerin tasvir karda shudaand? SHumo dar tasviri perspektivai nafis va rakhdor chiro mushohida karded? Rassomon chi guna pahnshavii rushnoi, khulosahoi rangiro tasvir namudaand?

Dar varaqi kogaz fazoi tasvirshavanda mavjud buda nametavo- nad. Dar rasmhoi peshnihodshuda fazo va umq shabohati namunavi meboshad. Ba khotiri on ki chunin firebi nazar biofarem, mo boyad ilmi perspektivaro biomuzem.

To ayni zamon shumo dar borai perspektiva baze tasavvurot doshted.

Perspektiva ilmest, ki qonunhoi sokhti khattii tasviri ashyohoro dar mavridi durii gunoguni onho nisbat ba shakhsi nazoratkunan- da mavridi omuzish qaror medihad. Kalimai «perspektiva» az zaboni lotini aynan ba manoi «sar to po mebini» meoyad.

Mafhumi perspektiva ba on asos megirad, ki ashyohoi az hamdigar dur tibqi andoza, nisbat ba andozai asli khurdtar ba na­zar merasand, shumo dar in khusus az sinfhoi ibtidoi ogah hasted.

Masalan, ba shumo holo mafhumho dar borai khatti ufuq malu- mand. In khat baroi nishon dodani umqi fazo asosi ba hisob meravad.

Ba shumo allakay malum, ki khatti ufuq dar sathi chashm qaror dorad. Hatti ufuq mafhumi jugrofiest, ki shartan osmon va za- minro taqsim mekunad, ammo dar sanati tasviri, dar natyur­mort, interyer, hangomi tasviri peyzaj dar naqqoshi vay nihoyat muhim ast. Dar tabiati gunogunshakl obekthoi nazdik va dur – rohho, darakhton, khonaho, kuhho, osmon va gayraro hatman bo is – tifodai perspektivai nafis va khatti tasvir mekunand, chunin qonunhoi asosiro mo boyad donem va istifoda namoem.